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Recent studies, however, have highlighted the role of dispersal, with some even suggesting that the entire biota is the product of dispersal events following emergence of the islands. This study focuses on the interplay between dispersal and vicariance, specifically asking whether the spider family Orsolobidae has Gondwanan origins on New Zealand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Location<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spider family Orsolobidae was sampled from all continents where they occur (Africa, Australia, New Zealand and South America), comprising a total of 66 specimens representing the phylogenetic diversity of the family.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequences were obtained from six fragments that were subsequently aligned and analysed with <jats:sc>MrBayes<\/jats:sc>3.2 and <jats:sc>beast<\/jats:sc> 1.8. The phylogeny was calibrated with fossils used as node calibrations, as well as with the substitution rate of Histone H3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The orsolobid fauna of each land mass except Australia forms a monophyletic group in our analyses. The divergence dating analysis suggests that diversification of Orsolobidae started at a minimum of 80\u00a0Ma, while the New Zealand clade dates from a minimum of 40\u00a0Ma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, while many taxa have colonized the islands by dispersal, certain lineages, including the Orsolobidae, have clearly been capable of persisting through times of reduced land area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T01:00:31Z","timestamp":1546390831000},"page":"332-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Giant Goblins above the waves at the southern end of the world: The biogeography of the spider family Orsolobidae (Araneae, Dysderoidea)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Chousou\u2010Polydouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5596, Laboratoire de Dynamique de Langage Lyon France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthea","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Sz\u0171ts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Saucedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0086-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Griswold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2009.02233.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Orsolobidae (Araneae) of the IBISCA Queensland Project at Lamington National Park, Australia","volume":"55","author":"Baehr B. 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