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The new species is of commercial importance and is known in the aquarist trade as <jats:italic>Geophagus<\/jats:italic> \u2018red head\u2019. The new species is diagnosed using an integrative approach, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis along with morphological evidence. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of markings on the head, the bar pattern composed by nine vertical bars on the flanks and the presence of distinct longitudinal bands in the caudal fin. Additionally, it shows a genetic distance of at least 2.0% in cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> gene sequences from its closest congeners. Molecular analysis including most genera of Cichlidae from South America corroborates that the new species belongs to the group of <jats:italic>Geophagus sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T04:23:41Z","timestamp":1662351821000},"page":"1388-1404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A new species of <i>Geophagus<\/i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae): Naming a cichlid species widely known in the aquarium hobby as \u2018<i>Geophagus<\/i> sp. Tapajos red head\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8876-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junior","family":"Chuctaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Ictiolog\u00eda, Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo C.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Ecologia Aqu\u00e1tica e Pesca da Amaz\u00f4nia Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Humanas, Naturais, Sa\u00fade e Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o  Pinheiro, Maranh\u00e3o Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Wingert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9607-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz R.","family":"Malabarba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-62252011000100006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2020.106855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15560\/14.6.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0090.431.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0224-20170034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0224-20140038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5162.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2016.5.4.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2016.5.4.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_11_1","article-title":"A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue.","volume":"19","author":"Doyle J. 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