{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:59:14Z","timestamp":1777424354309,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010197","name":"Fiskeri - og havbruksn\u00e6ringens forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FHF\u2010901587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FHF\u2010901587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nephrocalcinosis is a widespread challenge in intensive production of salmon smolt. There is however no consensus on its aetiology, which makes it problematic to implement proper measures to limit its development. We performed a survey of nephrocalcinosis prevalence and environmental factors in 11 different hatcheries in Mid\u2010Norway as well as a 6\u2010month monitoring in one of the hatcheries. A multivariate analysis indicated that the most influencing factor for the prevalence of nephrocalcinosis was the supplementation of sea water during smolt production. In the 6\u2010month monitoring, the hatchery introduced salinity in the production water prior to the change in day length. Mismatch in those environmental signals may increase the risk for developing nephrocalcinosis. Salinity fluctuations prior to smoltification can cause osmotic stress and result in unbalanced levels of ions in fish blood. This was clearly illustrated in our study, as the fish experienced chronic hypercalcaemia and hypermagnesaemia. Both magnesium and calcium are excreted over the kidneys and it is possible that their prolonged, elevated levels in plasma resulted in an oversaturation of the urine when finally excreted. This again could have led to the aggregation of calcium deposits within the kidney. This study indicates a relationship between osmotic stress induced by salinity changes in juvenile Atlantic salmon and the development of nephrocalcinosis. Other factors that may affect the severity of nephrocalcinosis are currently subjects for discussion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T09:04:47Z","timestamp":1685783087000},"page":"943-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nephrocalcinosis in juvenile farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar<\/i>) may be linked to osmoregulatory stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Klykken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aqua Kompetanse AS  Flatanger Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aqua Kompetanse AS  Flatanger Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaq Analytiq AS  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. J. K.","family":"Attramadal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. E.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Boissonnot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aqua Kompetanse AS  Flatanger Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Akvakulturdriftsforskriften. (2008).Forskrift om drift av akvakulturanlegg for\u20102008\u201006\u201017\u2010822."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00741-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(91)90166-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Bjerknes V. Lydersen E. Golmen L. Hob\u00e6k A. &Holtet L.(1994).Nefrokalsinose hos regnbueaure i oppdrettsanlegg ved trengereid."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718809407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Bruno D. W.(1996).Nephrocalcinosis. Aquaculture Information Series 15."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(72)90171-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(2001)013<0368:NINTFA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Osmoregulatory physiology and rapid evolution of salinity tolerance in threespine stickleback recently introduced to fresh water","volume":"17","author":"Divino J. N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(94)90013-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Fiskeridirektoratet. (2021).Directorate of fisheries."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0144-8609(94)90004-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(97)00166-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00048-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(99)00125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1984.tb07964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00613-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2018.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2009.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(01)00735-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00100-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z68-063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1984.tb01202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508640103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"Jansen M. D. Hjortaas M. Molda T. Born\u00f8 G. &Dale O. B.(2021).Fiskehelserapporten 2020 (eng. The health situation in Norwegian aquaculture 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00063-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19810086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(94)90113-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.267.5.R1356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00002629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2004.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01875027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f87-175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1710033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(98)00366-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.08.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620161005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.002873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"Noble C. Gismervik K. Iversen M. Kolarevic J. Nilsson J. Stien L. &Turnbull J.(Eds.). (2018).Welfare Indicators for farmed Atlantic salmon: Tools for assessing fish welfare."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.117.1.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00157809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Survival and growth of Atlantic salmon parr in relation to salinity","volume":"148","author":"Saunders R.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Fisheries Research Boards of Canada Technical Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2013.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Insecticidies and ionic regulation in teleosts: A review","volume":"47","author":"Singh N.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zoologica Poloniae"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1979.tb00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f91-249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00264807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","volume-title":"Bancroft's theory and practice of histological techniques","author":"Suvarna K. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.664588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","unstructured":"Team R. C.(2017).R: A language and environment for statistical computing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90742.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.274.4.R1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-009-9339-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2018.05.017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.13815","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T15:20:16Z","timestamp":1692285616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.13815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.13815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.13815","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}