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Current European Union (EU) directives on eco\u2010design focus on the use phase of energy\u2010related products (ErPs). However, the maintenance of various household non\u2010ErPs is performed with ErPs; therefore, the environmental impacts of product maintenance have an important role in the life cycle of non\u2010ErPs. This article presents two eco\u2010design studies where the implementation of improvement strategies of the use and maintenance phase of products had relevant results. Furthermore, environmental communication\u2010to\u2010user strategies were important to ensure the commitment of users toward eco\u2010efficient behaviors. First, a knife was eco\u2010designed according to strategies which focused on materials, processing, maintenance, and communication to user. By applying eco\u2010design in a cradle\u2010to\u2010consumer scope, improvements decreased the environmental impact of the eco\u2010designed product by 30%. However, when considering the entire life cycle of the eco\u2010designed product, environmental impacts could be reduced by up to 40% and even up to \u224893% (depending on the cleaning procedure) as a result of large improvements in the maintenance stage. Second, a woman's jacket was eco\u2010designed following multifunctionality, recycled materials, and efficient maintenance strategies. The new Livingstone jacket reached environmental improvements between 32% and 52% in the indicators analyzed. In this case, maintenance contributed between 40% and 87% of the reduction. As shown in this study, maintenance behavior and communication\u2010to\u2010user strategies are crucial to the eco\u2010design of different household products (traditional vs. flexible design) and their consideration in the design process can reduce their environmental impact by between 40% and 80%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T13:25:33Z","timestamp":1405949133000},"page":"545-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Eco\u2010Designing the Use Phase of Products in Sustainable Manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Sany\u00e9\u2010Mengual","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raul Garcia","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gumersindo","family":"Feijoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Gabarrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Rieradevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2009.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2009.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2006.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"PAS 2050: Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services","author":"BSI (British Standards Institute)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Ecodise\u00f1o. estado de la cuesti\u00f3n. prospectiva del ecodise\u00f1o para su impulso en Arag\u00f3n [Eco\u2010design. 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