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The idea of substituting lower\u2010impact secondary production for environmentally intensive primary production gives the circular economy a strong intuitive environmental appeal. However, proponents of the circular economy have tended to look at the world purely as an engineering system and have overlooked the economic part of the circular\n                    <jats:italic>economy<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Recent research has started to question the core of the circular economy\u2014namely, whether closing material and product loops does, in fact, prevent primary production. In this article, we argue that circular economy activities can increase overall production, which can partially or fully offset their benefits. Because there is a strong parallel in this respect to energy efficiency rebound, we have termed this effect \u201ccircular economy rebound.\u201d Circular economy rebound occurs when circular economy activities, which have lower per\u2010unit\u2010production impacts, also cause increased levels of production, reducing their benefit. We describe the mechanisms that cause circular economy rebound, which include the limited ability of secondary products to substitute for primary products, and price effects. We then offer some potential strategies for avoiding circular economy rebound. However, these strategies are unlikely to be attractive to for\u2010profit firms, so we caution that simply encouraging private firms to find profitable opportunities in the circular economy is likely to cause rebound and lower or eliminate the potential environmental benefits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]],"date-time":"2017-02-05T17:02:42Z","timestamp":1486314162000},"page":"593-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1043,"title":["Circular Economy Rebound"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Trevor","family":"Zink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California \u2013 Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396459-5.00030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1065\/lca2006.11.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-4215(00)00022-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenstein S.2013.A microeconomic framework for evaluating energy efficiency rebound and some implications (No. 19044). 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