{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:49:52Z","timestamp":1791416992723,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The expanding use of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists and the dual incretin agonist tirzepatide for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity has drawn attention to potential oral and salivary adverse effects. This short communication summarizes the available evidence, discusses potential mechanisms, and highlights implications for oral medicine practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A narrative synthesis of published case reports, pharmacovigilance findings, and indirect experimental evidence was undertaken to discuss reported manifestations, biological plausibility, and existing knowledge gaps.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Reported manifestations include xerostomia, hyposalivation, dysgeusia, oral mucosal discomfort, burning sensations, and throat\u2010related symptoms. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate\u2010dependent signaling in salivary acinar cells, altered autonomic regulation of salivary secretion, and dehydration secondary to gastrointestinal adverse events. Reduced salivary protection combined with gastric acid exposure from reflux or vomiting may increase susceptibility to dental erosion, although a direct association with these therapies has not been established. Sporadic immune\u2010mediated mucocutaneous reactions and facial soft\u2010tissue changes associated with rapid weight loss have also been described. Evidence remains limited and largely indirect.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Potential oral and salivary adverse effects warrant clinical awareness, careful medication history\u2010taking, assessment of salivary function, and individualized preventive care. Systematic reporting and focused clinical and experimental studies are needed to clarify causality, frequency, and underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:04:42Z","timestamp":1791414282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse Oral and Salivary Effects Associated With Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists: Clinical Insights"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5201-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Gilligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Garola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1447-2135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian Petersen","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine School of Dentistry, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8662-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoela Domingues","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Porto 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