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In these nitrogen\u2010limited environments, release of nutrients through decomposition of soil organic matter is of fundamental importance. Fungi, particularly saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, are thought to drive this process using lignocellulolytic enzymes to degrade plant litter. However, some ectomycorrhizal fungal lineages have retained ancestral decomposition capabilities, yet evidence of their direct involvement in decomposition under field conditions is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We used metatranscriptomics to examine the involvement of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the production of class II peroxidases in the soil of a Swedish boreal forest. We compared nutrient\u2010poor plots with more fertile ones and related the peroxidase\u2010expressing community to the total and cellulose\u2010degrading fungal communities.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We found that overall expression of class II peroxidase genes was upregulated in nutrient\u2010poor soil, with ectomycorrhizal species in the\n                          <jats:italic>Cortinariaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                          family accounting for most of the transcripts. Among cellulose\u2010degrading fungi, there was a shift from saprotrophic Agaricomycetes in nutrient\u2010rich soil to dominance by Ascomycetes under nutrient\u2010poor conditions.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Symbiosis may enable ectomycorrhizal fungi to use tree photoassimilates to drive energetically costly oxidation belowground. Ectomycorrhiza\u2010driven oxidation may, thereby, enable trees to indirectly regulate decomposition and nutrient cycling to maintain ecosystem productivity on unfertile soils.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:29:56Z","timestamp":1786624196000},"page":"400-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ectomycorrhizal\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Cortinariaceae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    species dominate class\n                    <scp>II<\/scp>\n                    peroxidase gene expression in a boreal forest soil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Barbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biogeography Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences  Videnska 1083 Prague 4 Czechia"},{"name":"Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Box 7014 SE\u201075007 Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLUBI  Box 7014 SE\u201075007 Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLUBI  Box 7014 SE\u201075007 Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuula","family":"Niskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Mycology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki  Box 7 00014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3384-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn D.","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Box 7014 SE\u201075007 Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/open.201700113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"AndrewsS.2010.FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. 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