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Here we test in situ how intra\u2010 and interspecific competition affects trophic resource use and the individual and population niche widths of two lacustrine fish species, Arctic charr and brown trout, covering a 40 year study period with highly contrasting competitive impacts prior to and following a large\u2010scale fish culling experiment. Initially, an overcrowded Arctic charr population dominated the study system, with brown trout being nearly absent. The culling experiment reduced the littoral Arctic charr density by 80%, whereupon brown trout gradually increased its density in the system. Thus, over the study period, the Arctic charr population went from high to low intraspecific competition, followed by increasing interspecific competition with brown trout. As hypothesized, the relaxed intraspecific competition following the experimental culling reduced individual diet specialization and compressed population niche width of Arctic charr. During the initial increase of the brown trout population, there was a large dietary overlap between the two species. Over the subsequent intensified interspecific competition from the population build\u2010up of brown trout, their trophic niche overlap chiefly declined due to a dietary shift of Arctic charr towards enhanced zooplankton consumption. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the individual and population niche widths of Arctic charr increased with intensified interspecific competition. In contrast, the diet and niche width of brown trout remained stable over time, confirming its competitive superiority. The large\u2010scale culling experiment and associated long\u2010term research revealed pronounced temporal dynamics in trophic niche and resource use of the inferior competitor, substantiating that intra\u2010 and interspecific competition have large and contrasting impacts on individual and population niches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.08375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T15:33:53Z","timestamp":1626104033000},"page":"1679-1691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The effect of inter\u2010 and intraspecific competition on individual and population niche widths: a four\u2010decade study on two interacting salmonids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Prati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9328-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirik Haugstvedt","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslak","family":"Smal\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Klemetsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9684-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depto de Biolog\u00eda, Geolog\u00eda, F\u00edsica y Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Univ. 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