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We developed and iteratively refined dynamic\u2010norm messages about bipartisan attitude change to reduce divisive outparty perceptions and attitudes in a US context. We first identified real\u2010world issues that gained support over time among both Democrats and Republicans and were judged as believable. Study 1 documented systematic misperceptions of attitude change across a range of social issues and linked these misperceptions to colder outparty feelings. We then tested intervention messages that adapted standard static\u2010norm templates with the addition of information about change over time (dynamic norm; Study 2). This intervention increased expectations of future common ground but did not reliably improve downstream outparty attitudes. Next, we tested a refined intervention message that isolated dynamic norm information (Study 3). The refined dynamic norm message increased expected common ground and expected future feelings of belonging among the outparty and was associated with small but reliable increases in outparty warmth and positive outparty impressions relative to control. These results suggest that emphasizing trajectories of public opinion without highlighting current partisan gaps may be a useful strategy for reducing polarization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.70194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:16:35Z","timestamp":1789197395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Partisans misperceive and are influenced by dynamic norms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trystan","family":"Loustau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Boston College  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Fabrizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"More in Common  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Boston College  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5142-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5622-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stylianos","family":"Syropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Global Futures, Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381614000085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/for\u20102018\u20100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15377857.2021.1939570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112552118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010023\u201001594\u2010w"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"Perceiving increasing similarities between one's group and the outgroup has been linked to several benefits for reducing intergroup conflict, such as greater liking for and cooperation with the outgroup","volume":"50","author":"Brown R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2005.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09567976221085494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Most Americans say U.S. on wrong track on economy, immigration and more: Poll","author":"Contreras R.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167214524993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614527113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716218766269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417727860"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Davern M. 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Hawkins S. &Dixon T.(2019).The perception gap: How false impressions are pulling Americans apart.PsyArXivhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/r3h5q","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/r3h5q"}],"container-title":["Political Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pops.70194","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pops.70194","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pops.70194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:06:20Z","timestamp":1790319980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pops.70194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pops.70194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.70194","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-895X","1467-9221"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-895X","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9221","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70194"}}