{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:58:56Z","timestamp":1770843536879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOI: 10.54499\/2020.04831.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOI: 10.54499\/2020.04831.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOI: 10.54499\/DL57\/2016\/CP1377\/CT0047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOI: 10.54499\/DL57\/2016\/CP1377\/CT0047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Root\u2010knot nematodes (\n Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic>\n spp.) are globally distributed obligate parasites that have been reported in kiwifruit orchards worldwide. Many of these species are present in Portugal, and\n \n Meloidogyne hapla<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n has been consistently found in Portuguese kiwifruit orchards. The predominance of\n \n M. hapla<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in these orchards suggests host specialisation for kiwifruit. To investigate this, the genetic variability of\n \n M. hapla<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isolates was analysed using three genomic regions\u2014\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n , D2\u2013D3 and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS)\u2014aiming to assess potential host\u2010driven genetic differentiation and infer whether kiwifruit\u2010associated nematodes across Portugal share a common origin.\n \n M. hapla<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isolates from kiwifruit and other hosts in Portugal were analysed and compared with publicly available sequences. Genetic analysis revealed significant intraspecific variability, particularly in the D2\u2013D3 and ITS regions, where kiwifruit isolates displayed a higher number of haplotypes than in the\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n . In neutrality tests, Tajima's\n D<\/jats:italic>\n values for D2\u2013D3 and ITS suggested population expansion or purifying selection, whereas\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n sequences showed evolutionary patterns closer to neutrality, indicating greater genetic structure and lower diversity. This is the first study to assess the intraspecific genetic diversity of\n \n M. hapla<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n using\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n , D2\u2013D3 and ITS regions, with results suggesting substantial genetic differentiation among kiwifruit\u2010associated isolates. The dominance of\n \n M. hapla<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in Portuguese kiwifruit orchards may be linked to its adaptation to the biological cycle and favourable environmental conditions of their host. Given these findings, further genetic assessments of\n Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic>\n species in other kiwifruit\u2010growing regions are essential to develop targeted management strategies for nematode control.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:09:11Z","timestamp":1753895351000},"page":"2335-2349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intraspecific Variability of\n Meloidogyne hapla<\/i>\n Associated With Kiwifruit Plants in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9039-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Rita","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2013Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Biology Department University of Minho Braga Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology\u2010Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}]},{"given":"I. Luci","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology\u2010Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0100-1518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia R.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA\u2013Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Biology Department University of Minho Braga Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Mitochondrial Haplotype\u2010Based Identification of Root\u2010Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne hapla, Infecting Kiwifruit in Turkey","volume":"41","author":"Akyazi F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nematropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9121649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16970\/entoted.1092654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854104323072982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effect of Root\u2010Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita on the Growth of Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) in Pots","volume":"2","author":"Di Vito M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Advances in Horticultural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).2024.\u201cFAOSTAT: Agricultural Production Data.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QCL."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10030603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.14005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-02-24-0462-PDN"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.2001.00895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"Identification of Single Meloidogyne Juveniles by Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of Mitochondrial DNA","volume":"22","author":"Harris T. 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