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Current strategies to cope with this threat rely on the massive use of chemical compounds during each cultivation season. The economic costs and negative environmental impact associated with these applications increased the urge to search for sustainable strategies of disease control. Improved knowledge of plant mechanisms to counteract pathogen infection may allow the development of alternative strategies for plant protection. Epigenetic regulation, in particular DNA methylation, is emerging as a key factor in the context of plant\u2013pathogen interactions associated with the expression modulation of defence genes. To improve our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underpinning grapevine response to <jats:italic>P. viticola<\/jats:italic>, we studied the modulation of both 5\u2010mC methylation and gene expression at 6 and 24 h\u00a0post\u2010infection (hpi). Leaves of two table grape genotypes (<jats:italic>Vitis vinifera<\/jats:italic>), selected by breeding activities for their contrasting level of susceptibility to the pathogen, were analysed. Following pathogen infection, we found variations in the 5\u2010mC methylation level and the gene expression profile. The results indicate a genotype\u2010specific response to pathogen infection. The tolerant genotype (N23\/018) at 6 hpi exhibits a lower methylation level compared to the susceptible one (N20\/020), and it shows an early modulation (at 6 hpi) of defence and epigenetic\u2010related genes during <jats:italic>P. viticola<\/jats:italic> infection. These data suggest that the timing of response is an important mechanism to efficiently counteract the pathogen attack.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T05:19:13Z","timestamp":1662095953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transcriptomic and methylation analysis of susceptible and tolerant grapevine genotypes following <i>Plasmopara viticola<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems &amp; Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Loretta","family":"Daddiego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Trisaia Research Centre  Rotondella Matera Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Cardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)  Turi Bari Italy"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"}]},{"given":"Lisete","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias; Centre of Statistics and its Applications (CEAUL) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems &amp; Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Malh\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems &amp; Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)  Turi Bari Italy"}]},{"given":"Antonio Domenico","family":"Marsico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)  Turi Bari Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8156-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems &amp; Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1878-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Alagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Trisaia Research Centre  Rotondella Matera Italy"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-018-0098-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05583-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AndersonMJ(2017)Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). 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