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This article focuses on the ecological effects and conservation challenges of shifts in extensive grazing regimes on marginal pastureland of Mediterranean mountains. We conceptualize a navigated socioecological transition toward conservation\u2010oriented management after the collapse of historical land systems. The article provides examples from the LIFE+ project \u201cHigro,\u201d developed in mountainous protected areas in Portugal, of how management for conservation could sustain disturbance\u2010dependent habitats. We argue that actively and regularly managing large habitat areas should be envisaged as a short\u2010term approach to limit the immediate effects of rural abandonment. A gradual integration of conservation targets with other activities in changing rural economies is necessary to foster long\u2010term conservation of species and habitats, building on the link between conservation\u2010oriented habitat management and ecosystem services in rural landscapes. Conservation goals should run alongside recovery of social systems and innovation applied to traditional sources of income. This parallel development would contribute to building up social\u2010ecological resilience by maintaining a diversity of social and ecological capital in rural areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ruso.12111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,8]],"date-time":"2016-07-08T05:07:27Z","timestamp":1467954447000},"page":"101-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Conservation Management of EU Priority Habitats after Collapse of Traditional Pastoralism: Navigating Socioecological Transitions in Mountain Rangeland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pradinho","family":"Honrado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade do Porto"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2010InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos Universidade do Porto"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Lomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\u2010InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos Universidade do Porto"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\u2010InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos Universidade do Porto"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, Mountain Research Center Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Monteiro\u2010Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\u2010InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos Universidade do Porto"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QUERCUS, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Barreto Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade do Porto"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2010InBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos Universidade do Porto"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,8]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Florestas do norte de Portugal: Hist\u00f3ria, ecologia e desafios de gest\u00e3o","year":"2011","author":"Aguiar Carlos","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Grasslands and Herbivore Production in Europe and Effects of Common Policies","author":"Aguiar 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