{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:20:02Z","timestamp":1789417202153,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["331631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["331631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Systematic Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Paleotropical clades with largely disjunct distributions are ideal models for biogeographic reconstructions. The dung beetle genera\n                    <jats:italic>Grebennikovius<\/jats:italic>\n                    Mlambo, Scholtz &amp; Deschodt,\n                    <jats:italic>Epactoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    Olsouffief and\n                    <jats:italic>Ochicanthon<\/jats:italic>\n                    Vaz\u2010de\u2010Mello are distributed in Tanzania, Madagascar and R\u00e9union, and the Oriental region, respectively. We combine morphology and molecular dataset to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between these taxa. Our analyses corroborate previous hypotheses of monophyly of the group, which is here described as new tribe Epactoidini\n                    <jats:bold>trib. nov.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Grebennikovius<\/jats:italic>\n                    is recovered as sister to\n                    <jats:italic>Epactoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while\n                    <jats:italic>Ochicanthon<\/jats:italic>\n                    emerges as sister to them both. The disjunct distribution of our focal clade is unusual within the subfamily Scarabaeinae. Bayesian divergence time estimates and ancestral range reconstructions indicate an African origin of the crown group of the tribe Epactoidini\n                    <jats:bold>trib. nov.<\/jats:bold>\n                    in the early mid Eocene, ca. 46\u2009Ma. The divergence between\n                    <jats:italic>Epactoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its sister is dated to 32.3\u00a0Ma, while the crown age for the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Ochicanthon<\/jats:italic>\n                    is dated to 27\u2009Ma. We investigate the factors that may have shaped the current distribution of the tribe Epactoidini\n                    <jats:bold>trib. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    . The formation of the\n                    <jats:italic>Gomphotherium<\/jats:italic>\n                    landbridge, along with favourable environmental conditions would have allowed dry\u2010intolerant organisms, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Ochicanthon<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to disperse out of Africa. Remarkable climatic stability of the Eastern Arc Mountains was critical for the retention of the monotypic genus\n                    <jats:italic>Grebennikovius<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We suggest two subsequent overwater dispersal events: the migration of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of\n                    <jats:italic>Epactoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Africa to Madagascar (32.3\u201329.5\u00a0Ma); the lately dispersal of the MRCA of the today's extinct\n                    <jats:italic>Epactoides giganteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Rossini, Vaz\u2010de\u2010Mello &amp; Montreuil to R\u00e9union island from Madagascar (3.4\u00a0Ma). We suggest that the high potential of dispersal of Epactoidini\n                    <jats:bold>trib. nov.<\/jats:bold>\n                    dung beetles and the strict association to forest habitat might have triggered two major radiations, one in Madagascar and one in the Oriental Region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/syen.12564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T03:25:13Z","timestamp":1662953113000},"page":"655-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Paleogene forest fragmentation and out\u2010of\u2010Africa dispersal explain radiation of the Paleotropical dung beetle tribe Epactoidini\n                    <i>trib. nov.<\/i>\n                    (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Rossini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasily","family":"Grebennikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Merrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-006X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Miraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0005-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Viljanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5237-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei","family":"Tarasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History  Helsinki 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