{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:51:48Z","timestamp":1791276708800,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001648","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising rapidly in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa. In Guinea\u2010Bissau, nationwide data are scarce. We aimed to estimate the multi\u2010regional prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and hypertension and examine associated risk factors within this resource\u2010limited context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multi\u2010regional cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted using a hybrid community\u2010 and facility\u2010based sampling approach across urban Bissau, including at the National Diabetes Clinic [CND] and in seven interior regions of the country. Recruitment was conducted between August 3th 2022 and June 8th 2024 across these sites. After a verified 12\u2010h fast, participants underwent capillary glucose, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose \u2265\u2009126\u2009mg\/dL or previous diagnosis; prediabetes as 110\u2013125\u2009mg\/dL; obesity as BMI \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m\u00b2; and hypertension as blood pressure \u2265\u2009140\/90\u2009mmHg. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 3929 participants, with median age 41\u2009years, the overall raw diabetes prevalence was 20.8% (817\/3929), with 30% being newly screen\u2010detected. The T2D prevalence at the specialized CND was 22.8% (342\/1502), compared to 18.0% (174\/969) in community settings outside health facilities in Bissau. The prediabetes prevalence was 9.1%; while the obesity prevalence was 14.8%, disproportionately affecting more women, at 20.7% vs. 9.1% in men; and the prevalence of hypertension was exceptionally high at 40.4%. In the multivariable model, key risk drivers included age\u2009\u2265\u200955\u2009years (OR 14.0, 95% CI: 8.57\u201322.9), family history (OR 3.78, 3.02\u20134.74), Fula ethnicity (OR 2.47, 1.73\u20133.53), and low physical activity (OR 1.44, 1.17\u20131.78).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guinea\u2010Bissau faces a critical, underreported burden of metabolic and cardiovascular NCDs, particularly T2D and hypertension. Given the recruitment pathways, the overall prevalence reflects a high\u2010risk baseline that warrants cautious national extrapolation. Urgent, context\u2010specific public health strategies and decentralized clinical guidelines are required to manage these chronic conditions amidst severe structural resource constraints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:08:29Z","timestamp":1791274109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Obesity in Guinea\u2010Bissau\u2014Results From a Nationwide Study Carried Out From 2022 to 2024"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1787-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilica","family":"Sanca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education University of Coimbra, CIPER  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"CNC\u2010UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"National Institute of Health, National Public Health Laboratory  Bissau Guinea\u2010Bissau"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project  Bissau Guinea\u2010Bissau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine","family":"Byberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diamantino","family":"Midana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2010UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diabetes Association (ANDD) and National Diabetes Clinic (CND)  Bissau Guinea\u2010Bissau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Nova Medical School (NMS), Nova University  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education University of Coimbra, CIPER  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine Stabell","family":"Benn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project  Bissau Guinea\u2010Bissau"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, and Danish Institute of Advanced Science Odense University Hospital\/University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Bjerregaard\u2010Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project  Bissau Guinea\u2010Bissau"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology University Hospital of South Denmark  Esbjerg Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense (SDCO)  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6264-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2010UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"CIBB\u2010UC\u2014Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30181-X","article-title":"Diabetes in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: From Clinical Care to Health Policy","volume":"5","author":"Atun R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032638","article-title":"Hypertension in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: Cross\u2010Sectional Surveys in Four Rural and Urban Communities","volume":"7","author":"Hendriks M. 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