{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:56:57Z","timestamp":1786460217697,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of active compared with passive distraction-based interventions for relieving anxiety, fear, and pain in hospitalized preschool and school-age children during venous blood sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Venous blood sampling remains the most common procedure that causes anxiety, fear, and pain among the pediatric population. It is important that health care professionals relieve a child\u2019s pain and the related emotions because untreated pain may have long-term effects on children\u2019s growth and development. It is necessary to determine which interventions are effective in relieving these outcomes in preschool and school-age children during blood sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that include active and passive distraction-based interventions for relieving hospitalized preschool and school-age children\u2019s anxiety, fear, and pain during venous blood sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases will be searched for published studies. MedNar, Google Scholar, and PsycEXTRA databases will be searched for in-progress and unpublished studies. Two independent researchers will perform critical appraisal and data extraction using the JBI methodology. Data describing randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis. If statistical analysis is not possible, the findings will be reported narratively. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess certainty in the quality of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42023455617<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-22-00057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T11:01:29Z","timestamp":1699009289000},"page":"889-895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effectiveness of distraction-based interventions for relieving anxiety, fear, and pain in hospitalized children during venous blood sampling: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saija","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, Kajaani, Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0378-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Kaija","family":"Palomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9387-9058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Tuomikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Nursing Research Foundation, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8301-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarja","family":"P\u00f6lkki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Nursing Research Foundation, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2020.05.004","article-title":"Active and passive distraction interventions in a pediatric emergency department to reduce the pain and anxiety during venous blood sampling: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Aylin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"15-16","key":"R2-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13321","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in decreasing pain during venipuncture in children: ball squeezing, balloon inflating and distraction cards","volume":"25","author":"Aydin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"R3-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2017-003890","article-title":"Effectiveness of vibratory stimulation on needle-related procedural pain in children: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ueki","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000666","article-title":"The impact of 3 different distraction techniques on the pain and anxiety levels of children during venipuncture: a clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Inan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-20250613","first-page":"13","article-title":"Effect of active and passive distraction on decreasing pain associated with painful medical procedures among school aged children","volume":"1","author":"Hewida","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"R6-20250613","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fear of injections and needle phobia among children and adolescents: an overview of psychological, behavioral, and contextual factors","volume":"4","author":"Orenius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-11-23","article-title":"Mother\u2019s reports of the difficulties that their children experience in taking methotrexate for juvenile idiopathic arthritis and how these impact on quality of life","volume":"11","author":"Mulligan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/pne2.12047","article-title":"Revisions to the IASP definition of pain-What does this mean for children?","volume":"3","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paediatr Nenonatal Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"R9-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000690","article-title":"Efficacy of the buzzy device for pain management during needle-related procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Ballard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"R10-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.202-az0337.x","article-title":"Behavioural changes in children following day-case surgery: a 4-week follow-up of 551 children","volume":"52","author":"Kotiniemi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-20250613","first-page":"43","article-title":"Preparing children and families for surgery: Mount Sinai\u2019s multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"32","author":"Justus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"R13-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1995.22020243.x","article-title":"Young children\u2019s behavioural responses to acute pain: strategies for getting better","volume":"22","author":"Woodgate","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"R14-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024817","article-title":"Children\u2019s fear during procedural pain: preliminary investigation of the Children\u2019s Fear Scale","volume":"30","author":"McMurtry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R15-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e31825a8aa5","article-title":"Relief of pain during blood specimen collection in paediatric patients","volume":"37","author":"Inal","year":"2012","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"R16-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199710000-00012","article-title":"The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: how does it compare with a \u201cgold standard\u201d?","volume":"85","author":"Kain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anest Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"R17-20250613","first-page":"492","article-title":"Nonpharmacological methods in relieving children\u2019s postoperative pain: a survey on hospital nurses in Finland","volume":"34","author":"P\u00f6lkki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"R18-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1139","article-title":"Digital technology distraction for acute pain in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Gates","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"R19-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922813502257","article-title":"The effect of a medical clown on pain during intravenous access in the pediatric emergency department: a randomized prospective pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Wolyniez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"R20-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04440-9","article-title":"Clown therapy for procedural pain in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"181","author":"Fusetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"R21-20250613","first-page":"26","article-title":"The effect of distraction techniques on the pain of venipuncture in children: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Rezai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"R22-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14381","article-title":"The effectiveness of web-based mobile health interventions in paediatric outpatient surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"76","author":"Rantala","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"R23-20250613","first-page":"CD005179","article-title":"Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents (review)","volume":"10","author":"Birnie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2012.09.011","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic pediatric pain management in emergency departments: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Wente","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"R28-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R30-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000065","article-title":"Fixed or random effects meta-analysis? Common methodological issues in systematic reviews of effectiveness","volume":"13","author":"Tufanaru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-22-00057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T12:35:43Z","timestamp":1786451743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-22-00057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-22-00057","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]}}}