{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:55:46Z","timestamp":1786460146331,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The objective of the review is to understand how academic literature on domestic violence has described or defined subtle, non-physical abuse in intimate heterosexual or same-sex relationships.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Academic literature frequently refers to subtle or covert abuse in intimate relationships; however, this kind of abuse, while recognized by therapists who work with victims, has not yet been researched. Without understanding how clients experiencing subtle abuse present in therapy, therapists may misunderstand the cause of their distress and do more harm than good. This scoping review aims to understand how the current literature describes or defines subtle or covert abuse to inform future research to enable therapists to recognize subtle abuse in their clients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n Academic work that describes or defines subtle or covert abuse in intimate partner relationships based on primary research or discussion papers published in English will be considered for inclusion. Work will be excluded if it only describes physical or overt non-physical abuse.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n MeSH terms and keywords relating to domestic violence literature found in preliminary searches were used to design the initial search strategies. Search terms based on these were chosen in discussion with a librarian. The following databases will be searched: PsycINFO (EBSCO), MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycArticles (EBSCO), and Scopus. Searches will be conducted for studies published from 1950 onward. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be searched for descriptions or definitions of the terms \u201csubtle\u201d or \u201ccovert. Direct quotes will be entered in the data extraction form, along with details of study participants, concept, and context. Results will be presented in tabular format with quotes from original sources, and narratively in a discussion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-22-00084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T06:00:10Z","timestamp":1665640810000},"page":"796-804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Subtle or covert abuse within intimate partner relationships: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250613","first-page":"291","article-title":"Psychological abuse of women","author":"Tolman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Assessment of family violence: a clinical and legal sourcebook"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.4.553","article-title":"Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: physical, sexual, and psychological battering","volume":"90","author":"Coker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R3-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/088626097012003004","article-title":"Women's experience of giving and receiving emotional abuse","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Hearn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1300\/J135v05n01_04","article-title":"Awareness for emotional abuse","volume":"5","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Emot Abus"},{"issue":"5","key":"R5-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208315529","article-title":"Development of the scale of economic abuse","volume":"14","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Violence Against Wom"},{"issue":"16","key":"R6-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513496904","article-title":"Measuring abusive behaviors: is economic abuse a unique form of abuse?","volume":"28","author":"Stylianou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"12","key":"R9-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801210389162","article-title":"Living in the world of the domestic violence perpetrator: negotiating the unreality of coercive control","volume":"16","author":"Williamson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Violence Against Wom"},{"issue":"2","key":"R10-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1332\/239868020X16068765721643","article-title":"\u2018A life barely half lived\u2019: domestic abuse and sexual violence practitioners\u2019 experiences and perceptions of providing care to survivors of non-physical abuse within intimate partner relationships","volume":"5","author":"Halliwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gender Based Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11-20250613","first-page":"112","article-title":"The tip of the iceberg: a framework for identifying non-physical abuse in couple and family relationships","volume":"22","author":"James","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fem Fam Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1332\/239868020X16040863370635","article-title":"Women survivors\u2019 accounts of seeing psychologists: harm or benefit?","volume":"5","author":"Marsden","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gender Based Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"R14-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2015.04.006","article-title":"Where did she go? The transformation of self-esteem, self-identity, and mental well-being among women who have experienced intimate partner violence","volume":"25","author":"Matheson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Women Health Issues"},{"key":"R15-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa220","article-title":"Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence","volume":"50","author":"Potter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R16-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1300\/J135v05n01_02","article-title":"Women\u2019s experience of emotional abuse in intimate relationships: a qualitative study","volume":"5","author":"Lammers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Emot Abus"},{"issue":"1","key":"R19-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000277","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"19","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid Implement"},{"key":"R22-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-22-00084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T12:33:23Z","timestamp":1786451603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-22-00084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-22-00084","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}