{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:56:00Z","timestamp":1786460160778,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of perioperative prophylactic tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss in orthognathic surgery in healthy patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthognathic surgery can cause significant hemorrhage, which requires postoperative blood transfusions. The most widely studied pharmaceutical adjunct for reducing blood loss is tranexamic acid, a synthetic amino acid that reversibly inhibits plasminogen activation. It is widely used and validated in other surgical procedures to limit blood loss; however, it is not a gold standard in orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will include clinical trials comparing tranexamic acid to appropriate controls. The primary outcomes are intraoperative blood loss, change in hematocrit\/hemoglobin level, and need for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes include operating time, length of hospital stay, and adverse reactions. Studies of patients with pre-existing coagulopathies and those undergoing only minor orthognathic surgery (eg, genioplasty) will be excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will search 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) from database inception. Titles, abstracts, and full-text papers will be assessed against the inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Meta-analysis will be conducted for all outcomes where appropriate, with weighted mean differences used for intraoperative blood loss, changes in hematocrit\/hemoglobin levels, operation time, and length of stay; and risk ratio for transfusion rates and adverse outcomes. Certainty of the evidence will be presented using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration number:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42022314403<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-22-00126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T02:04:07Z","timestamp":1662689047000},"page":"430-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effectiveness of prophylactic tranexamic acid versus placebo or no intervention for reducing blood loss in healthy patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hooman","family":"Baghaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khilan","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 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