{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:55:39Z","timestamp":1786460139081,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this review is to determine the costs and benefits of non-invasive liver tests vs liver biopsy in patients with chronic liver diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatic diseases can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past, liver biopsy was the only option for diagnosing fibrosis degree. Liver biopsy is an invasive procedure that depends on the sample size to be able to deliver an accurate diagnosis. In recent years, non-invasive liver tests have been increasingly used to estimate liver fibrosis degree; however, there is a lack of economic assessments of technology implementation outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will include partial (cost studies) and complete economic evaluation studies on hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that compare non-invasive liver tests with liver biopsies. Studies published in English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, or Portuguese will be included. No date limits will be applied to the search.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will identify published and unpublished studies. Published studies will be identified using MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature will include sources from health technology assessment agencies, clinical practice guidelines, regulatory approvals, advisories and warnings, and clinical trial registries, as well as Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess studies, and extract and critically appraise the data. Data extracted from the included studies will be analyzed and summarized to address the review objective using narrative text, and the JBI dominance ranking matrix.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42023404278<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-23-00097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T04:01:06Z","timestamp":1696392066000},"page":"681-688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Economic evaluation of non-invasive liver tests for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6231-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilia Mastrocolla","family":"de Almeida Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology Assessment Center, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of Medical School (FMB), HCFMB, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"The Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lehana","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada"},{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton, Biostatistics Unit, Hamilton, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9394-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Gomes","family":"Romeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Medical School (FMB), Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6129-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Faria","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Medical School (FMB), Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3984-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Machado-Rugolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology Assessment Center, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of Medical School (FMB), HCFMB, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2579-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Francisco","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology Assessment Center, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of Medical School (FMB), HCFMB, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendel Mombaque","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8865-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Tereza Coneglian","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology Assessment Center, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of Medical School (FMB), HCFMB, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4738-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kednapa","family":"Thavorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2913-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Eric","family":"Tarride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Cananda"},{"name":"Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH), The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","article-title":"Burden of liver diseases in the world","volume":"70","author":"Asrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R3-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.005","article-title":"Contribution of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to the burden of liver-related morbidity and mortality","volume":"150","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"R5-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","article-title":"Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R6-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.04.025","article-title":"NASH Clinical Research Network. Fibrosis progression rate in biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among people with diabetes versus people without diabetes: a multicenter study","volume":"165","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R7-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1535","article-title":"Perspectives on fibrosis progression in hepatitis C: an \u00e0 la carte approach to risk factors and staging of fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Poynard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"R8-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406789","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3406789","article-title":"Transient elastography for significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.010","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R10-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on noninvasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis \u2013 2021 update","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R11-20250613","first-page":"8859338","article-title":"Transient elastography in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systemic review and meta-analysis","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R12-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324243","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"M\u00f3zes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"R13-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.019","article-title":"Transient elastography for screening of liver fibrosis: cost-effectiveness analysis from six prospective cohorts in Europe and Asia","volume":"71","author":"Serra-Burriel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R14-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13260","article-title":"Transient elastography for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis: a systematic review of economic evaluations","volume":"37","author":"van Katwyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"R15-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3731-2","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis screening","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R16-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1039-4","article-title":"Cost-comparison analysis of FIB-4, ELF and fibroscan in community pathways for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"17","key":"R17-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i17.3163","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of enhanced liver fibrosis test to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus and alcoholic liver disease patients","volume":"23","author":"Soto","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R18-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001","article-title":"Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Sandrin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"30","key":"R19-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i30.4841","article-title":"Acoustic radiation force impulse of the liver","volume":"19","author":"D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29179","article-title":"Assessment of biopsy-proven liver fibrosis by two-dimensional shear wave elastography: an individual patient data-based meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Herrmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R21-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2018.049","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound real-time elastography in liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"R22-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3891","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3891","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography of liver and spleen: methods and applications","volume":"31","author":"Garteiser","year":"2018","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"R24-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25-20250613","first-page":"36","article-title":"The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: the Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI)","volume":"17","author":"Munn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"R26-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200624040-00006","article-title":"Good practice guidelines for decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment","volume":"24","author":"Philips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000063","article-title":"Conducting systematic reviews of economic evaluations","volume":"13","author":"Gomersall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2021.11.1351","article-title":"Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations","volume":"25","author":"Husereau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R30-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.02.013","article-title":"How should we deal with patient heterogeneity in economic evaluation: a systematic review of national pharmacoeconomic guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Ramaekers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"R31-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X14538705","article-title":"The value of heterogeneity for cost-effectiveness subgroup analysis: conceptual framework and application","volume":"34","author":"Espinoza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"2","key":"R32-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.04.012","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 10. Considering resource use and rating the quality of economic evidence","volume":"66","author":"Brunetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-23-00097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T12:33:10Z","timestamp":1786451590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-23-00097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-23-00097","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]}}}