{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:57:01Z","timestamp":1786460221270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n This systematic review will aim to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions compared with traditional or in-person care in improving medication adherence and clinical outcomes among adult patients with tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where health care access is limited and treatment adherence is suboptimal. Telemedicine interventions, including video-observed therapy, text message reminders, and mobile health applications, offer innovative solutions to enhance tuberculosis management. However, evidence on their effectiveness remains fragmented, especially in low-resource settings, necessitating a comprehensive review to inform policy and practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Eligibility criteria:<\/jats:title>\n This review will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries involving adult patients with tuberculosis. Eligible studies will evaluate telemedicine interventions with a minimum duration of 30 days and report on at least 1 primary outcome (medication adherence or tuberculosis clinical outcomes) or secondary outcome (acceptability or patient satisfaction).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The review will adhere to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. A 3-step search strategy will be followed to identify published and unpublished studies and gray literature. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), and ScienceDirect. There will be no date or language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, critically appraise studies, and extract data. If feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted; otherwise, the synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) approach to data synthesis will be used. The GRADE approach will assess evidence certainty, and the findings will be summarized accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Review registration:<\/jats:title>\n PROSPERO CRD42025644658<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-25-00049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:02:04Z","timestamp":1762250524000},"page":"166-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of telemedicine interventions for the management of tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5721-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Dalisay A.","family":"Orolfo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmari\u00f1as City, Cavite, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7977-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredyrose Ivan L.","family":"Pinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmari\u00f1as City, Cavite, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4661-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alely S.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmari\u00f1as City, Cavite, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R2-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654-62","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.199505","article-title":"The social determinants of tuberculosis: from evidence to action","volume":"101","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81-93","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000328","article-title":"A systematic review and psychometric appraisal of instruments measuring tuberculosis stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"9","author":"Bergman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stigma Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"R5-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a017863","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017863","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Seung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"R6-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040238","article-title":"Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review of qualitative research","volume":"4","author":"Munro","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R7-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2021.100117","article-title":"Telemedicine for healthcare: capabilities, features, barriers, and applications","volume":"2","author":"Haleem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"R8-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025-50","DOI":"10.4338\/ACI-2016-06-R-0089","article-title":"Telemedicine for developing countries","volume":"7","author":"Combi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"key":"R9-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00222","article-title":"Telemedicine in resource-limited settings to optimize care for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R11-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114685","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students in USA: two years later","volume":"315","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33062","DOI":"10.2196\/33062","article-title":"Digital health technologies to improve medication adherence and treatment outcomes in patients with tuberculosis: systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Ridho","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med internet Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-18-00167","article-title":"Digital technologies for health workforce development in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review","volume":"6","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract"},{"issue":"9732","key":"R14-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179-91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60554-5","article-title":"Scale-up of services and research priorities for diagnosis, management, and control of tuberculosis: a call to action","volume":"375","author":"Marais","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"R15-20260114","first-page":"1f","article-title":"Privacy and security risk factors related to telehealth services \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Houser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Perspect Health Inf Manag"},{"key":"R17-20260114","article-title":"Effect of mobile health interventions in the heart failure patient during the hospital-to-home transition period versus usual care: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Salda\u00f1a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"key":"R20-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00430","article-title":"The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Barker","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R22-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-23-00268","article-title":"The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for quasi-experimental studies","volume":"22","author":"Barker","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R23-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000152","article-title":"The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: the Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI)","volume":"17","author":"Munn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"key":"R24-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"R26-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537-53","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1260","article-title":"Introduction, comparison, and validation of a free and simple tool for meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Suurmond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-25-00049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T12:35:53Z","timestamp":1786451753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-25-00049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-25-00049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]}}}