{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T15:04:22Z","timestamp":1786460662318,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this review is to identify differences in quadriceps architectural parameters between healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain (PFP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common causes of knee pain among physically active populations. Muscular imbalance may play an important role in patellar malalignment or patellar maltracking. A systematic review will clarify the possible architectural changes of quadriceps muscles in persons with PFP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible observational studies will include individuals younger than 50 years who have been diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral PFP. The comparator will be the contralateral, asymptomatic limb of the individual with PFP or a healthy matched subject. Studies that include measurement of quadriceps muscle size as the primary outcome will be considered. Studies in which participants had coexisting pathology, a history of lower limb surgery or injury, or pain originating from other joints will be excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/MEDLINE (NLM), Scopus, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Web of Science and CINAHL databases and multiple gray literature sources will be searched. Studies published since 1 January 1990 will be considered; there will be no language restriction. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. If possible, meta-analyses will be performed, and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbisrir-2017-003689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,17]],"date-time":"2018-11-17T11:14:43Z","timestamp":1542453283000},"page":"1277-1282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quadriceps architecture in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zinat","family":"Ashnagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Kajbafvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Reza","family":"Hadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Olyaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asghar","family":"Rezasoltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas Ali","family":"Keshtkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Iranian EBM Centre: a Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Pashazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Iranian EBM Centre: a Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(5)","key":"R1-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3227","article-title":"Foot and ankle characteristics in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a case control and reliability study","volume":"40","author":"Barton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R2-20230825","first-page":"a1735","article-title":"Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial","volume":"337","author":"Collins","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R3-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000056","article-title":"Update on rehabilitation of patellofemoral pain","volume":"13","author":"Dutton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R4-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509337934","article-title":"A prospective investigation of biomechanical risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: the Joint Undertaking to Monitor and Prevent ACL Injury (JUMP-ACL) cohort","volume":"37","author":"Boling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R5-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093450","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain: consensus statement from the 3rd International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat held in Vancouver, September 2013","volume":"48","author":"Witvrouw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R6-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507312171","article-title":"Role of the vastus medialis obliquus in repositioning the patella: a dynamic computed tomography study","volume":"36","author":"Un","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R7-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4833","article-title":"Does quadriceps atrophy exist in individuals with patellofemoral pain? A systematic literature review with meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Giles","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R8-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.12.011","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain","volume":"34","author":"Rothermich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"R9-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.10.001","article-title":"Quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition: neural mechanisms and treatment perspectives","author":"Rice","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism: Elsevier"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R10-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.14.4.360","article-title":"Inhibition of the quadriceps muscles in patients with anterior knee pain","volume":"14","author":"Suter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R11-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1290-2","article-title":"Women with patellofemoral pain syndrome have quadriceps femoris volume and strength deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Kaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R12-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111432097","article-title":"Prospective predictors of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Pappas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R13-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.08.002","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain","volume":"27","author":"Dutton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R14-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511401183","article-title":"Vastus medialis obliquus atrophy: does it exist in patellofemoral pain syndrome?","volume":"39","author":"Pattyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R15-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2012.07.001","article-title":"Using ultrasound to measure the fibre angle of vastus medialis oblique: A cadaveric validation study","volume":"21","author":"Engelina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R16-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509333483","article-title":"Differences in sonographic characteristics of the vastus medialis obliquus between patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy adults","volume":"37","author":"Jan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R17-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5852","article-title":"Atrophy of the quadriceps is not isolated to the vastus medialis oblique in individuals with patellofemoral pain","volume":"45","author":"Giles","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R18-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.x","article-title":"Intra-and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo","volume":"209","author":"Blazevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R19-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3682","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging and muscle function","volume":"41","author":"Whittaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R20-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12023","article-title":"In vivo measurement of human rectus femoris architecture by ultrasonography: validity and applicability","volume":"33","author":"Ema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R21-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9517-z","article-title":"Association between ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echogenicity and skeletal muscle strength in the elderly","volume":"35","author":"Strasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R22-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.6.2740","article-title":"Muscle-fiber pennation angles are greater in hypertrophied than in normal muscles","volume":"74","author":"Kawakami","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R23-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.6.1715","article-title":"Predictability of skeletal muscle tension from architectural determinations in guinea pig hindlimbs","volume":"57","author":"Powell","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R24-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.07.109","article-title":"Kinematic gait characteristics associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Barton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R25-20230825","article-title":"Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk","author":"Moola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual [Internet]"},{"key":"R26-20230825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184.ch9","article-title":"Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses","author":"Deeks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Cochrane book series"}],"container-title":["JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01938924-201907000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:00:49Z","timestamp":1786453249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01938924-201907000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbisrir-2017-003689","relation":{},"ISSN":["2202-4433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2202-4433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]}}}