{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T15:04:41Z","timestamp":1786460681079,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.11124\/jbisrir-d-19-00149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]],"date-time":"2020-01-19T07:58:10Z","timestamp":1579420690000},"page":"256-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reducing contamination of midstream urine samples through standardized collection processes: a best practice implementation project"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yi Qi","family":"Liaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mien Li","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349597","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/349597","article-title":"Gender and age-dependent etiology of community-acquired urinary tract infections","volume":"2012","author":"Magliano","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R2-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Flores-Mireles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R3-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2003.tb10513.x","article-title":"Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection","volume":"57","author":"Kalsi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R4-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.52984","article-title":"Approach to a patient with urosepsis","volume":"1","author":"Kalra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R5-20220926","first-page":"65","article-title":"Interpretation of urinalysis and urine culture for UTI treatment","volume":"38","author":"Bates","year":"2013","journal-title":"US Pharm"},{"issue":"(23)","key":"R6-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2012.11.001","article-title":"Controversies in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections","volume":"34","author":"Kubik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Newsl"},{"issue":"(18)","key":"R7-20220926","first-page":"22","article-title":"Taking a midstream specimen of urine","volume":"102","author":"Gilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R8-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-913-UCCACO","article-title":"Urine culture contamination: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of 127 laboratories","volume":"132","author":"Bekeris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R9-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00670-15","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of urinary tract infection and underdiagnosis of sexually transmitted infection in adult women presenting to an emergency department","volume":"53","author":"Tomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R10-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-199411000-00017","article-title":"The significance of urine culture with mixed flora","volume":"3","author":"Siegman-Igra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R11-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00030-15","article-title":"Effectiveness of preanalytic practices on contamination and diagnostic accuracy of urine cultures: a laboratory medicine best practices systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"LaRocco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R12-20220926","first-page":"101","article-title":"Urine culture contamination: a one-year retrospective study at the national hospital, abuja","volume":"14","author":"Iregbu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afri J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R13-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827e8cfe","article-title":"Contamination rates of three urine-sampling methods to assess bacteriuria in pregnant women","volume":"121","author":"Schneeberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R14-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/tre.615","article-title":"Urine sample collection: issues and a solution","volume":"9","author":"Chinegwundoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Urol Mens Health"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R16-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.10.010","article-title":"The effect of written posted instructions on collection of clean-catch urine specimens in the emergency department","volume":"52","author":"Maher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R17-20220926","first-page":"401","article-title":"Urine collection in the emergency department: what really happens in there?","volume":"13","author":"Frazee","year":"2012","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R18-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7257\/1053-816X.2013.33.5.249","article-title":"Urine specimen collection: How a multidisciplinary team improved patient outcome using best practices","volume":"33","author":"Dolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol Nurs"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"R19-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2014.05.003","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections: guidelines, challenges, and innovations","volume":"36","author":"Pezzlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Newsl"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R20-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00975-10","article-title":"Diagnosis of bacteriuria and leukocyturia by automated flow cytometry compared with urine culture","volume":"48","author":"Pieretti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R21-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201686","article-title":"A prospective study comparing contamination rates between a novel mid-stream urine collection device (Peezy) and a standard method in renal patients","volume":"67","author":"Collier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R25-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-50","article-title":"Knowledge translation of research findings","volume":"7","author":"Grimshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R26-20220926","first-page":"CD000259","article-title":"Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes","author":"Ivers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R27-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9531.139248","article-title":"Efficacy of purposeful educational workshop on nursing care","volume":"3","author":"Aminoroaia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Edu Health Promot"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R28-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2015-000956","article-title":"Education and training to enhance end-of-life care for nursing home staff: a systematic literature review","volume":"6","author":"Anstey","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R29-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajns.20170606.14","article-title":"Effectiveness of handoff educational program on nurses interns\u2019 knowledge, and communication competence","volume":"6","author":"Seada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"R30-20220926","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nurses at the \u201csharp end\u201d of patient care","author":"Hughes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R33-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0b013e31824ccd0a","article-title":"Planning for implementation of evidence-based practice","volume":"42","author":"Cullen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nurs Adm"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R34-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732304273702","article-title":"Sources of practice knowledge among nurses","volume":"15","author":"Estabrooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R35-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.6.1204","article-title":"Standardized instructions: do they improve communication of discharge information from the emergency department?","volume":"89","author":"Isaacman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R36-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2014.900450","article-title":"Strategies for improving the quality of verbal patient and family education: a review of the literature and creation of the EDUCATE model","volume":"2","author":"Marcus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R37-20220926","first-page":"485","article-title":"Why organizations continue to create patient information leaflets with readability and usability problems: an exploratory study","volume":"20","author":"Gal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R38-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzu010","article-title":"Standardization in patient safety: the WHO High 5s project","volume":"26","author":"Leotsakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R39-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40746-015-0026-4","article-title":"Standardizing care processes and improving quality using pathways and continuous quality improvement","volume":"1","author":"Lavelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Pediatr"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R40-20220926","first-page":"721","article-title":"Patient education: Sharing a passion, sharing resources","volume":"56","author":"MacLean","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R41-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2008.080149","article-title":"Health information for patients: time to look beyond patient information leaflets","volume":"101","author":"Colledge","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Royal Soc Med"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R42-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-203504","article-title":"Illustrations reduce contamination of midstream urine samples in the emergency department","volume":"69","author":"Eley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R43-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12487","article-title":"How best to use and evaluate Patient Information Leaflets given during a consultation: a systematic review of literature reviews","volume":"20","author":"Sustersic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"R45-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118773261","article-title":"Inside help: an integrative review of champions in healthcare-related implementation","volume":"6","author":"Miech","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"R46-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2147\/JHL.S45077","article-title":"Facilitating the implementation of evidence-based practice through contextual support and nursing leadership","volume":"7","author":"Kueny","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Healthc Leadersh"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R47-20220926","first-page":"272","article-title":"Exploring nurse manager support of evidence-based practice: clinical nurse perceptions","volume":"48","author":"Caramanica","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R48-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000393062.83761.c0","article-title":"Evidence-based practice, step by step: following the evidence: planning for sustainable change","volume":"111","author":"Fineout-Overholt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"R49-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-8352(91)90130-X","article-title":"Satisfying stakeholders for successful project management","volume":"21","author":"Mallak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R50-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6955-10-1","article-title":"Factors influencing nurses\u2019 compliance with Standard Precautions in order to avoid occupational exposure to microorganisms: A focus group study","volume":"10","author":"Efstathiou","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R51-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.004","article-title":"Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses\u2019 adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"50","author":"Huis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R53-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-5885(18)30017-0","article-title":"The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care","volume":"13","author":"Titler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse Clin North Am"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R54-20220926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000155","article-title":"The updated Joanna Briggs Institute model of evidence-based healthcare","volume":"17","author":"Jordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:01:28Z","timestamp":1786453288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbisrir-d-19-00149","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}