{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:20:32Z","timestamp":1775035232190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The objective of this review was to map and analyze midwives\u2019 interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fear of childbirth is a phenomenon negatively affecting women's health and well-being before and during pregnancy. Over the past few decades, there has been growing research interest in interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women. One of the challenges in midwifery care is to provide an appropriate model of care for pregnant women with fear of childbirth. Further research efforts are needed to identify midwives\u2019 interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women and to examine their characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This scoping review considered studies that included midwives\u2019 interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women. Specifically, interventions were led and\/or implemented by midwives during the antenatal period, and integrating all possible midwifery practice settings. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies were included. This review also considered systematic reviews, text and opinion papers, and conference abstracts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The JBI methodology for conducting scoping reviews was used. Published and unpublished literature in English, Portuguese, and Spanish from January 1981 to October 2020 was included. MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. Searches for gray literature were also undertaken on the Reposit\u00f3rio Cient\u00edfico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, British Library EThOS, OvidSP Resource Center, Banco de Teses da CAPES, and OpenGrey. A three-step search strategy was followed, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was used. Two independent reviewers extracted the data using a data extraction tool developed specifically for this scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 3704 articles were identified and screened, of which 34 articles were included. The majority of studies had been published in the past 10 years (88%) in Scandinavian countries or Australia (79%). Several midwives\u2019 antenatal interventions were found, such as midwife-led team models of care. Midwives played a facilitator role that varied across the included studies. In 20 studies (59%), midwives led and implemented the interventions alone (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u200a\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\u200a13; 38%) or with the participation of other health professionals (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u200a\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\u200a7; 21%). In the remaining 14 studies (41%), midwives were part of a multidisciplinary team that included different health professionals (mainly obstetricians and psychologists) who had been involved in delivering interventions alongside midwives or with minor participation from midwives. Counseling (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u200a\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\u200a12; 35%) and psychoeducation (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u200a\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\u200a8; 24%) were the most common midwife interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Midwives working across their full scope of practice play a pivotal role in reducing fear of childbirth, which may explain the variety of midwives\u2019 antenatal interventions. Reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women and promoting normal childbirth as a positive experience are key features of midwives\u2019 interventions, which should include women's empowerment measures. Evidence-based midwife-led intervention programs for pregnant women with fear of childbirth should be designed and tested to improve clinical practice as well as women's reproductive outcomes and perinatal experiences.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-21-00382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T14:00:11Z","timestamp":1660744811000},"page":"2867-2935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Midwives\u2019 interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sandra Patr\u00edcia Arantes do","family":"Souto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health: Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Maternity unit, Hospital Center P\u00f3voa de Varzim\/Vila do Conde, P\u00f3voa de Varzim, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosa Carla Gomes da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC)"},{"name":"Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health: Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health: Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Maternity unit, Hospital Center T\u00e2mega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosemeire Sartori de","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Sciences and Humans, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.065","article-title":"How social context impacts on women\u2019s fears of childbirth: a Western Australian example","volume":"63","author":"Fisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1659-7","article-title":"Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Nilsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"R4-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13138","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809048501","article-title":"Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth","volume":"19","author":"Wijma","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-275","article-title":"Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women","volume":"14","author":"Toohill","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R7-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2014.06.007","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of FOC in six European countries","volume":"5","author":"Lukasse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"key":"R8-20250613","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy\/Experience Questionnaire in pregnant women","author":"Souto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"R9-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.07.004","article-title":"Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Dencker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820309039667","article-title":"Why focus on \u2018fear of childbirth\u2019?","volume":"24","author":"Wijma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R11-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13091","article-title":"Severe fear of childbirth indicates high perinatal costs for Swedish women giving birth to their first child","volume":"96","author":"Nieminen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"R12-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2008.07.003","article-title":"Swedish midwives\u2019 perceptions of fear of childbirth","volume":"26","author":"Salomonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"R13-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12065","article-title":"Birth experience in women with low, intermediate or high levels of fear: findings from the first baby study","volume":"40","author":"Elvander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12147","article-title":"Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries","volume":"42","author":"Ryding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"5","key":"R15-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e260","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)70094-X","article-title":"WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health Research Network. Use of the Robson classification to assess caesarean section trends in 21 countries: a secondary analysis of two WHO multicountry surveys","volume":"3","author":"Vogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12319","article-title":"Why do women request an elective cesarean delivery for non-medical reasons? A systematic review of the qualitative literature","volume":"45","author":"O\u2019Donovan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"6","key":"R17-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002706","article-title":"The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework","volume":"46","author":"Ayers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R18-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0721-y","article-title":"Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women\u2019s birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing","volume":"15","author":"Fenwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"R19-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-190","article-title":"Study protocol for reducing childbirth fear: a midwife-led psycho-education intervention","volume":"13","author":"Fenwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R20-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12136","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a psycho-education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women","volume":"41","author":"Toohill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"R21-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2016.02.008","article-title":"Counseling for childbirth fear - a national survey","volume":"8","author":"Larsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R22-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2019.1634047","article-title":"Childbirth experiences among women with fear of birth randomized to internet-based cognitive therapy or midwife counseling","volume":"41","author":"Hildingsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R23-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2018.1453800","article-title":"Effect of an educational program based on cognitive behavioral techniques on fear of childbirth and the birth process","volume":"40","author":"U\u00e7ar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R24-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2015.11.016","article-title":"Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment","volume":"34","author":"Ser\u00e7eku\u015f","year":"2016","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"R25-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0944-6","article-title":"Midwifery-led antenatal care models: mapping a systematic review to an evidence-based quality framework to identify key components and characteristics of care","volume":"16","author":"Symon","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13819","article-title":"What matters to women: a systematic scoping review to identify the processes and outcomes of antenatal care provision that are important to healthy pregnant women","volume":"123","author":"Downe","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"6","key":"R28-20250613","first-page":"CD012392","article-title":"Provision and uptake of routine antenatal services: a qualitative evidence synthesis","author":"Downe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"R33-20250613","first-page":"CD004667","article-title":"Midwife-led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women","author":"Sandall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9949","key":"R36-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60930-2","article-title":"Improvement of maternal and newborn health through midwifery","volume":"384","author":"Hoope-Bender","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R37-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.04.011","article-title":"What women value in the midwifery continuity of care model: a systematic review with meta-synthesis","volume":"62","author":"Perriman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"2","key":"R39-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2002.10.2.10189","article-title":"Fear of labour and birth","volume":"10","author":"Walsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"R45-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.10.007","article-title":"Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"31","author":"Hosseini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"R46-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.02.013","article-title":"Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)\/tokophobia - a systematic review of approaches and interventions","volume":"61","author":"Striebich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"R47-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12316","article-title":"A systematic review of nonpharmacological prenatal interventions for pregnancy-specific anxiety and fear of childbirth","volume":"45","author":"Stoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"R48-20250613","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interventions to treat fear of childbirth in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Webb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"R49-20250613","first-page":"CD013321","article-title":"Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"R50-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23071","article-title":"Psychological, educational, and alternative interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a systematic review","author":"Aguilera-Mart\u00edn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R52-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"R53-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00198","article-title":"Midwife interventions to reduce fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review protocol","volume":"18","author":"Souto","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"7","key":"R57-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R58-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000299611","article-title":"Fear of childbirth in late pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Areskog","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"R60-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000152","article-title":"The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: the Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI)","volume":"17","author":"Munn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R61-20250613","first-page":"15","article-title":"Too afraid to push: dealing with fear of childbirth","volume":"17","author":"Brodrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pract Midwife"},{"issue":"2","key":"R62-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2013.830107","article-title":"The effect of exercise and childbirth classes on fear of childbirth and locus of labor pain control","volume":"27","author":"Guszkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"R63-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2016.07.013","article-title":"The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study","volume":"32","author":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e \u0130sbir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"R64-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2015.04.002","article-title":"The effect of education given to primigravida women on fear of childbirth","volume":"29","author":"Kizilirmak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"R65-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-385","article-title":"Treatment of severe fear of childbirth with haptotherapy: design of a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Klabbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R66-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00107.x","article-title":"Maternal request for cesarean section due to fear of birth: can it be changed through crisis-oriented counseling?","volume":"33","author":"Nerum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R67-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2016.1140143","article-title":"Treatment of nulliparous women with severe fear of childbirth via the Internet: a feasibility study","volume":"37","author":"Nieminen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R68-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13358","article-title":"Nulliparous pregnant women\u2019s narratives of imminent childbirth before and after internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for severe fear of childbirth: a qualitative study","volume":"122","author":"Nieminen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R69-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100512","article-title":"Midwife-led integrated pre-birth training and its impact on the fear of childbirth. A qualitative interview study","volume":"25","author":"Onchonga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"issue":"4","key":"R70-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105311421050","article-title":"Promoting positive motherhood among nulliparous pregnant women with an intense fear of childbirth: RCT intervention","volume":"17","author":"Salmela-Aro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"R71-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709034907","article-title":"Obstetric outcome in 100 women with severe anxiety over childbirth","volume":"76","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"R72-20250613","first-page":"819","article-title":"Fear of childbirth and psychosomatic support. A follow up of 72 women","volume":"77","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"R73-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-126","article-title":"Obstetric outcomes for nulliparous women who received routine individualized treatment for severe fear of childbirth - a retrospective case control study","volume":"14","author":"Sydsj\u00f6","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"115","key":"R74-20250613","article-title":"Effects of continuous midwifery labour support for women with severe fear of childbirth","volume":"15","author":"Sydsj\u00f6","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R75-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01242.x","article-title":"Obstetric outcome for women who received individualized treatment for fear of childbirth during pregnancy","volume":"91","author":"Sydsj\u00f6","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"R76-20250613","first-page":"820","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth","volume":"98","author":"Saisto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R77-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600756920","article-title":"Therapeutic group psychoeducation and relaxation in treating fear of childbirth","volume":"85","author":"Saisto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"R78-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830802408498","article-title":"Fear of childbirth in obstetrically low-risk nulliparous women in Sweden and Denmark","volume":"26","author":"Kj\u00e6rgaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R79-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2008.04.011","article-title":"Does counsellor\u2019s attitude influence change in a request for a caesarean in women with fear of birth?","volume":"26","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"R80-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12011","article-title":"Obstetric outcome after intervention for severe fear of childbirth in nulliparous women - randomised trial","volume":"120","author":"Rouhe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"R81-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12075","article-title":"Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based childbirth education pilot study on maternal self-efficacy and fear of childbirth","volume":"59","author":"Byrne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R82-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12634","article-title":"The effects of counseling on fear of childbirth","volume":"94","author":"Larsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"R83-20250613","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effect of role play education on primiparous women\u2019s fear of natural delivery and their decision on the mode of delivery","volume":"20","author":"Navaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R84-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12223","article-title":"Does antenatal education reduce fear of childbirth?","volume":"63","author":"Karabulut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"R85-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_172_16","article-title":"The effect of individual counseling program by a midwife on fear of childbirth in primiparous women","volume":"6","author":"Andaroon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"2","key":"R86-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12346","article-title":"Effects of extended childbirth education by midwives on the childbirth fear of first-time mothers: an RCT","volume":"31","author":"Haapio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R87-20250613","first-page":"26","article-title":"Effect of a Childbirth psychoeducation program on the level of fear of childbirth in primigravid women","volume":"7","author":"Kordi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"R88-20250613","first-page":"1757","article-title":"The effect of self-efficacy oriented counselling on controlling the fear of natural delivery in primigravida women","volume":"9","author":"Soltani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R89-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.06.004","article-title":"Improving psychoeducation for women fearful of childbirth: evaluation of a research translation project","volume":"31","author":"Fenwick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R90-20250613","first-page":"e7632","article-title":"The effect of group counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on self-efficacy of pregnant women\u2019s choice of vaginal delivery","volume":"12","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R91-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.10.008","article-title":"Gaining hope and self-confidence-an interview study of women\u2019s experience of treatment by art therapy for severe fear of childbirth","volume":"31","author":"Wahlbeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"R92-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2018.12.001","article-title":"Midwives\u2019 counselling of women at specialised fear of childbirth clinics: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Wulcan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"key":"R93-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00787","article-title":"Effect of psychotherapy on reduction of fear of childbirth and pregnancy stress: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R94-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03230-1","article-title":"The effect of midwifery led counseling based on Gamble\u2019s approach on childbirth fear and self-efficacy in nulligravida women","volume":"20","author":"Firouzan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R95-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.11.008","article-title":"Fear of birth: prevalence, counselling and method of birth at five obstetrical units in Norway","volume":"33","author":"Henriksen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"R96-20250613","article-title":"Enhanced antenatal care: combining one-to-one and group antenatal care models to increase childbirth education and address childbirth fear","author":"Swift","year":"2020","journal-title":"Women and Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R97-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/07421656.2020.1721399","article-title":"Art therapy and counseling for fear of childbirth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Wahlbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Art Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"R98-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R100-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2015.05.002","article-title":"Identifying women who are afraid of giving birth: a comparison of the fear of birth scale with the WDEQ-A in a large Australian cohort","volume":"6","author":"Haines","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R101-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1997-5","article-title":"Childbirth preferences and related fears - comparison between Norway and Israel","volume":"18","author":"Preis","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R102-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2010.01.004","article-title":"Creating a collaborative culture in maternity care","volume":"55","author":"Downe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R103-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1071\/AH17271","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in access to care in Australia for women fearful of birth","volume":"43","author":"Toohill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-21-00382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:01:19Z","timestamp":1749859279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-21-00382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-21-00382","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]}}}