{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:52:56Z","timestamp":1761709976923,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The objective of this review is to identify the level of discomfort caused by immobilization as reported by trauma victims, and to map all the interventions in the prehospital context where they have been implemented and evaluated in order to reduce discomfort in adult victims of trauma.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Immobilization is a cause of discomfort for trauma victims, which has important implications for the deterioration of vital signs and quality of life. However, discomfort caused by immobilization remains an under-explored topic by the scientific community.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Inclusion criteria:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This scoping review will consider studies of adult victims of trauma, aged 18 years or over, in prehospital emergency care. Studies that focus on interventions designed to reduce immobilization discomfort, implemented and evaluated by health professionals, of any form, duration, frequency, and dose will be considered.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An initial search of PubMed and CINAHL will be undertaken, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies without time restrictions, in major health care\u2013related electronic databases. Studies in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese will be included. Data extraction will be performed independently by 2 reviewers in a tabular format and will include details about the level of discomfort, interventions, populations, study methods, and outcomes of interest. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and will describe how they relate to the review objectives.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Review registration number:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>OSF https:\/\/osf.io\/4scg5\/\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-22-00021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T06:03:30Z","timestamp":1662703410000},"page":"2743-2750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prehospital interventions to reduce discomfort caused by immobilization in adult trauma victims: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Mota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Local Health Unit of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"INEM \u2013 National Institute of Medical Emergency, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tito","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital S\u00e3o Teot\u00f3nio, Tondela Viseu Hospital Centre, Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEM \u2013 National Institute of Medical Emergency, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Hospital and Universitary Centre, Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Casa da Misericordia de Seia, Seia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida Reis","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(1)","key":"R3-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-017-0428-3","article-title":"Maintaining immobilisation devices on trauma patients during CT: a feasibility study","volume":"25","author":"Stokkeland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R4-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2017.06.008","article-title":"Trauma: spinal cord injury","volume":"97","author":"Eckert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R6-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2017.1423138","article-title":"New immobilization guidelines change EMS critical thinking in older adults with spine trauma","volume":"22","author":"Underbrink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R7-20250613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-020-00790-1","article-title":"Multiple trauma management in mountain environments - a scoping review: evidence based guidelines of the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom). 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