{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:09:32Z","timestamp":1774894172887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this guidance paper is to describe data transformation involving qualitization, including when and how to undertake this process, and to clarify how it aligns with data extraction in order to expand on the current guidance for JBI convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews (MMSRs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n The convergent integrated approach to MMSRs involves combining extracted data from both quantitative studies (including the quantitative components of mixed methods studies) and qualitative studies (including the qualitative components of mixed methods studies). This process requires data transformation, which can occur either by converting qualitative data into quantitative data (ie, quantitizing<\/jats:italic>) or converting quantitative data into qualitative data (ie, qualitizing<\/jats:italic>). Data transformation involving qualitization is poorly understood in the context of MMSRs, and there is confusion regarding how to undertake this process, with much of the literature specific to primary mixed methods studies. There is a need to expand current guidance and provide more practical advice to reviewers on how to undertake this process.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The JBI MMSR Methodology Group took a multipronged approach to update its guidance. First, a structured search of the literature was conducted to determine what is known about data transformation, followed by analysis of a sample of systematic reviews that claimed to use the JBI convergent integrated approach to MMSRs. Approaches were summarized and used to inform the development of draft guidance. This guidance was iteratively revised following a series of online meetings, as well as presented to evidence synthesis experts at an international conference. Finally, the guidance was submitted to the JBI International Scientific Committee for discussion, feedback, and ratification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n There is uncertainty in the literature regarding the process of data transformation within the context of MMSRs, with ill-defined approaches provided and variation in practice. In JBI convergent integrated MMSRs, it is recommended that data extraction from quantitative studies (or mixed method studies reporting quantitative findings) stays as close as possible to the data reported in the primary studies. Where data are absent or insufficient to meet the needs of the MMSR, systematic reviewers may need to construct the narrative representation using relevant data from the primary studies. Following data extraction, the process of qualitization occurs where extracted data (both quantitative and qualitative) are assembled, and reviewers are required to conduct detailed examination across data to identify likenesses and create categories based on similarities in meaning.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive guidance currently available for data extraction and qualitization for MMSRs. However, it is important to acknowledge the inherent variability in MMSRs and our methodology may need tailoring for certain situations. Further work will focus on examining how certainty and confidence in findings can be assessed within the framework of MMSRs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-24-00331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T09:00:10Z","timestamp":1737363610000},"page":"429-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Methods for data extraction and data transformation in convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews"],"prefix":"10.11124","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4902-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucylynn","family":"Lizarondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9045-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Salmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scottish Centre for Evidence Based, Multi-professional Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence Kingston, School of Nursing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}]},{"given":"Manda","family":"Vandyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Evidence Synthesis Recommendations and Impact, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4864-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Apostolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0256-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scottish Centre for Evidence Based, Multi-professional Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Kelli","family":"Borges Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of West London Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2259-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Loveday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of West London Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"R1-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200006)23:3<246::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies","volume":"23","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R2-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12000","article-title":"Text-in-context: a method for extracting findings in mixed-methods mixed research synthesis studies","volume":"69","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3-20250314","first-page":"29","article-title":"Defining and designing mixed research synthesis studies","volume":"13","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res Sch"},{"issue":"10","key":"R4-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00169","article-title":"Methodological guidance for the conduct of mixed methods systematic reviews","volume":"18","author":"Stern","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9538-6","article-title":"Mixed methods research synthesis: definition, framework, and potential","volume":"47","author":"Heyvaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"R7-20250314","article-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\u2019 Manual: 2014 edition\/Supplement methodology for JBI mixed methods systematic reviews","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBI"},{"key":"R8-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.04.009","article-title":"JBI series paper 4: the role of collaborative evidence networks in promoting and supporting evidence-based health care globally: reflections from 25 years across 38 countries","volume":"150","author":"Pilla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R9-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182440","article-title":"Combining the power of stories and the power of numbers: mixed methods research and mixed studies reviews","volume":"35","author":"Pluye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R10-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000893","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000893","article-title":"Synthesising quantitative and qualitative evidence to inform guidelines on complex interventions: clarifying the purposes, designs and outlining some methods","volume":"4","author":"Noyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R11-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-015-0261-6","article-title":"Meta-integration for synthesizing data in a systematic mixed studies review: insights from research on autism spectrum disorder","volume":"50","author":"Frantzen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"6","key":"R12-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1437","article-title":"Variations of mixed methods reviews approaches: a case study","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"R13-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.04.006","article-title":"Factors influencing physical activity engagement following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a mixed methods systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Gray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"10","key":"R14-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163211042530","article-title":"Asian patients\u2019 perspectives on advance care planning: a mixed-method systematic review and conceptual framework","volume":"35","author":"Martina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"R15-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14830","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation for young people and adults with childhood-onset physical disability: a mixed methods systematic review","volume":"63","author":"McKenzie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"R16-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecinn.2022.100018","article-title":"Children at risk of anaphylaxis: a mixed-studies systematic review of parents\u2019 experiences and information needs","volume":"1","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"PEC Innov"},{"key":"R17-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2023.103696","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of midwife-led care for childbearing women in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Sangy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23706","article-title":"A mixed-studies systematic review of the experiences of body image, disordered eating, and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"56","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"R19-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0279201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279201","article-title":"Acceptability of risk stratification within population-based cancer screening from the perspective of healthcare professionals: a mixed methods systematic review and recommendations to support implementation","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"R20-20250314","article-title":"Barriers to and facilitators of school health care for students with chronic disease as perceived by their parents: a mixed systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Uhm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"R21-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12786","article-title":"School nurses\u2019 perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators in caring for children with chronic diseases in school settings: A mixed studies review","volume":"22","author":"Uhm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"R22-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-021-01169-y","article-title":"Genetic counseling and testing for Asian Americans: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R23-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2021.03.010","article-title":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 attitudes to integration of acupuncture in western medicine: a mixed-method systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"R24-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0488-6","article-title":"Health care professionals\u2019 attitudes towards population-based genetic testing and risk-stratification for ovarian cancer: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"Hann","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R25-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/03630240802463525","article-title":"Does time spent on household activities or housework stress complicate recovery following coronary artery bypass surgery?","volume":"48","author":"Kendel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R26-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13193","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on adolescents with an eating disorder and identifying factors predicting disor dered eating behaviour","volume":"16","author":"Akg\u00fcl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R27-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860612451851","article-title":"A national study of nurse leadership and supports for quality improvement in rural hospitals","volume":"28","author":"Paez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000341367","article-title":"A real-life study on acquired skills from using an adrenaline autoinjector","volume":"160","author":"Topal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R29-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105312459895","article-title":"Maternal intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and adherence with food challenge referrals","volume":"18","author":"Herbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R30-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-13-49","article-title":"Barriers to using skilled birth attendants\u2019 services in mid- and far-western Nepal: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Choulagai","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"3","key":"R31-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000062","article-title":"Qualitative research synthesis: methodological guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation","volume":"13","author":"Lockwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R32-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mnl.2020.06.009","article-title":"Variables associated with nurse-reported quality improvement participation","volume":"19","author":"Djukic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Leader"},{"issue":"2","key":"R33-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059799118789021","DOI":"10.1177\/2059799118789021","article-title":"Quantitizing and qualitizing (im-)possibilities in mixed methods research","volume":"11","author":"Nzabonimpa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methodol Innov"}],"container-title":["JBI Evidence Synthesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-24-00331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T10:00:45Z","timestamp":1741946445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.11124\/JBIES-24-00331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbies-24-00331","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-8381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-8381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}