{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:23:35Z","timestamp":1785835415095,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>We characterized and compared the cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to the \u2018Duffin\u2019 modified hyperoxic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> rebreathing test by randomly altering the prior hyperventilation duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Our main finding was that prior hyperventilation duration (1, 3 or 5\u00a0min) had no effect on cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to the hyperoxic rebreathing test, within individuals. These findings suggest that the standard 5\u00a0min prior hyperventilation duration used to clear body CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> stores is unnecessary and can reasonably be shortened to 1\u00a0min, reducing protocol times and improving participant comfort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The \u2018Duffin\u2019 modified hyperoxic rebreathing test allows investigators to characterize and quantify the ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> across a large physiological range, allowing quantification of basal ventilation and the ventilatory recruitment threshold (VRT). Although the standard protocol includes 5\u00a0min of prior hyperventilation to clear body CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> stores, there is no experimental evidence that a full 5\u00a0min is required. We hypothesized that there would be no within\u2010individual differences in the cardiorespiratory or cerebrovascular responses to rebreathing with shortened hyperventilation duration prior to hyperoxic rebreathing. Using a rebreathing apparatus, transcranial Doppler ultrasound and beat\u2010to\u2010beat blood pressure monitoring, we tested 19 participants in the supine position using three randomly assigned hyperoxic rebreathing tests with 1, 3 or 5\u00a0min of prior hyperventilation. We measured VRT (in Torr CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), time to VRT (in seconds), central respiratory chemoreflex (breathing frequency, tidal volume and minute ventilation), cerebrovascular (middle and posterior cerebral artery velocity) and cardiovascular (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) responses to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during hyperoxic rebreathing. Using linear regression and repeated\u2010measures ANOVAs, we found no differences in any of the cardiorespiratory or cerebrovascular response magnitudes between trials (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). The only difference observed was in the time to VRT (in seconds), whereby 1\u00a0min prior hyperventilation duration was shorter (135.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.7\u00a0s) than with 3 or 5\u00a0min prior hyperventilation (176.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.1 and 187.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.6\u00a0s, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Our findings indicate that 5\u00a0min of prior hyperventilation is unnecessary during modified rebreathing when using it to quantify respiratory or cerebrovascular responses and can be reasonably shortened to 1\u00a0min, reducing protocol times and improving participant comfort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep085706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T12:49:33Z","timestamp":1458650973000},"page":"821-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Influence of prior hyperventilation duration on respiratory chemosensitivity and cerebrovascular reactivity during modified hyperoxic rebreathing"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Lindsey M.","family":"Boulet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development 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Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Skow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta 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