{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:41:02Z","timestamp":1787863262306,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK57039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK57039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK094932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK094932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Subtypes of enteric neurons are coded by the neurotransmitters they synthesize, but it is not known whether enteric neuron subtypes might also be coded by other proteins, including calcium channel subtypes controlling neurotransmitter release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Our data indicate that guinea\u2010pig ileum myenteric neuron subtypes may be coded by calcium channel subtypes. We found that R\u2010type calcium channels are expressed by inhibitory but not excitatory longitudinal muscle motoneurons. R\u2010Type calcium channels are also not expressed by circular muscle inhibitory motoneurons. Calcium channel subtype\u2010selective antagonists could be used to target subtypes of neurons to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>There is evidence that R\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels contribute to synaptic transmission in the myenteric plexus. It is unknown whether R\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels contribute to neuromuscular transmission. We measured the effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine (NLA), Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel blockers and apamin (SK channel blocker) on neurogenic relaxations and contractions of the guinea\u2010pig ileum longitudinal muscle\u2013myenteric plexus (LMMP)<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. We used intracellular recordings to measure inhibitory junction potentials. Immunohistochemical techniques localized R\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel protein in the LMMP and circular muscle. Cadmium chloride (pan\u2010Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel blocker) blocked and NLA and NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(R\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel blocker) reduced neurogenic relaxations in a non\u2010additive manner. Nickel chloride did not alter neurogenic cholinergic contractions, but it potentiated neurogenic non\u2010cholinergic contractions. Relaxations were inhibited by apamin, NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and NLA and were blocked by combined application of these drugs. Relaxations were reduced by NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>or \u03c9\u2010conotoxin (N\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel blocker) and were blocked by combined application of these drugs. Longitudinal muscle inhibitory junction potentials were inhibited by NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>but not MRS\u00a02179 (P2Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist). Circular muscle inhibitory junction potentials were blocked by apamin, MRS\u00a02179, \u03c9\u2010conotoxin and CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>but not NiCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. We conclude that neuronal R\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels contribute to inhibitory neurotransmission to longitudinal muscle but less so or not all in the circular muscle of the guinea\u2010pig ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T17:12:48Z","timestamp":1482599568000},"page":"299-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["R\u2010Type Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>channels couple to inhibitory neurotransmission to the longitudinal muscle in the guinea\u2010pig ileum"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Eileen S.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Tapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuroscience Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinogran","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuroscience Program Michigan State 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