{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T02:50:19Z","timestamp":1783392619672,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Is an anti\u2010oedematous effect of ghrelin associated with increased expression of tight junction proteins in the hypoxic brain?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>We showed that injection of ghrelin during acute and chronic systemic hypoxia is associated with increased expression of tight junction proteins and protection of the blood\u2013brain barrier. Ghrelin appears to be a new therapeutic strategy for protection of the blood\u2013brain barrier from disruption and prevention of brain oedema in hypoxic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The blood\u2013brain barrier, which serves to protect the homeostasis of the CNS, is formed by tight junction proteins. Several studies have indicated that systemic hypoxia leads to cerebral oedema through disruption of tight junction proteins, such as occludin and zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101). According to our previous studies, ghrelin attenuates cerebral oedema in the hypoxic brain. However, the mechanism is not completely understood. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ghrelin on occludin and ZO\u20101 in the hypoxic brain. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into acute and chronic control, acute or chronic hypoxia, and ghrelin\u2010treated acute or chronic hypoxia groups. Hypoxic groups were kept in a hypoxic chamber (10\u201311% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) for 2 (acute) or 10 days (chronic). Effects of ghrelin on occludin and ZO\u20101 protein levels were assessed using Western blotting. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of ZO\u20101 and occludin decreased significantly in acute and chronic hypoxia. Ghrelin significantly increased ZO\u20101 protein expression in both acute and chronic hypoxia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Ghrelin also increased occludin protein expression in chronic hypoxia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) but did not effectively change it in acute hypoxia. Our data showed that ghrelin injection maintains occludin and ZO\u20101 tight junction proteins, which may improve the integrity of the blood\u2013brain barrier in hypoxic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T06:25:28Z","timestamp":1484202328000},"page":"376-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ghrelin ameliorates blood\u2013brain barrier disruption during systemic hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Gisou","family":"Mohaddes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Abdolalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 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