{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:45:31Z","timestamp":1783035931200,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Do tendon and\/or muscle\u2013tendon unit stiffness influence rate of torque development?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>In our experimental conditions, some measures of relative (to maximal voluntary torque and tissue length) muscle\u2013tendon unit stiffness had small correlations with voluntary\/evoked rate of torque development over matching torque increments. However, absolute and relative tendon stiffness were unrelated to voluntary and evoked rate of torque development. Therefore, the muscle aponeurosis but not free tendon influences the relative rate of torque development. Factors other than tissue stiffness more strongly determine the absolute rate of torque development.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The influence of musculotendinous tissue stiffness on contractile rate of torque development (RTD) remains opaque. In this study, we examined the relationships between both patellar tendon (PT) and vastus lateralis muscle\u2013tendon unit (MTU) stiffness and the voluntary and evoked knee\u2010extension RTD. Fifty\u2010two healthy untrained men completed duplicate laboratory sessions. Absolute and relative RTD were measured at 50\u00a0N\u00a0m or 25% maximal voluntary torque (MVT) increments from onset and sequentially during explosive voluntary and evoked octet isometric contractions (supramaximal stimulation; eight pulses at 300\u00a0Hz). Isometric MVT was also assessed. Patellar tendon and MTU stiffness were derived from simultaneous force and ultrasound recordings of the PT and vastus lateralis aponeurosis during constant RTD ramp contractions. Absolute and relative (to MVT and resting tissue length) stiffness (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>) was measured over identical torque increments as RTD. Pearson's correlations tested relationships between stiffness and RTD measurements over matching absolute\/relative torque increments. Absolute and relative PT <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> were unrelated to equivalent voluntary\/evoked (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020\u20130.255, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.069\u20130.891). Absolute MTU <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> was unrelated to voluntary or evoked RTD (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264\u00a00.191, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2265\u00a00.184), but some measures of relative MTU <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> were related to relative voluntary\/evoked RTD (e.g. RTD for 25\u201350%\u00a0MVT, <jats:italic>r\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.374\/0.353, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.007\/0.014). In conclusion, relative MTU <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> explained a small proportion of the variance in relative voluntary and evoked RTD (both \u226419%), despite no association of absolute MTU <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> or absolute\/relative PT <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> with equivalent RTD measures. Therefore, the muscle\u2010aponeurosis component but not free tendon was associated with relative RTD, although it seems that an overriding influence of MVT negated any relationship of absolute MTU <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> and absolute RTD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T04:52:42Z","timestamp":1487220762000},"page":"448-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The influence of patellar tendon and muscle\u2013tendon unit stiffness on quadriceps explosive strength in man"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garry J.","family":"Massey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Balshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Maden\u2010Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neale A.","family":"Tillin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Roehampton  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Folland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0070-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01305.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00230.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050675"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.119982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0343"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01753993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1951.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050504"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00095-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(98)00055-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373570"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506293899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0649c.xd"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016708"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3346-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0978-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00240-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00221.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00298"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j..2003.t01-1-00971.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.2.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.09.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00849.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181be9c7e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.720704"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31827a67ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.6.2714"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2759-8"}],"container-title":["Experimental 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