{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:26:14Z","timestamp":1770513974137,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Des Moines University Iowa Osteopathic and Education Research","award":["IOER 03-14-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOER 03-14-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>In young adults, about half of the cold\u2010related reduction in skin blood flow during cold exposure is mediated by noradrenaline, while the remainder is attributable to other substances co\u2010released with noradrenaline that have yet to be identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Purinergic receptor blockade blunted the vasoconstriction response to whole\u2010body cooling and to intradermal administration of tyramine. These results indicate that ATP is necessary to vasoconstrict blood vessels in the skin adequately and prevent heat loss in a cold environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Noradrenaline is responsible for eliciting \u223c60% of the reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction (VC) response in young adults, while the remainder is attributable to one or more unidentified co\u2010released sympathetic adrenergic neurotransmitter(s). Inconsistent evidence has placed neuropeptide Y in this role; however, other putative cotransmitters have yet to be tested. We hypothesize that ATP contributes to the reflex cutaneous VC response. Two protocols were conducted in young adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010); both involved the placement of three microdialysis probes in forearm skin and whole\u2010body cooling (skin temperature\u00a0=\u00a030.5\u00b0C). In protocol 1, the following solutions were infused: (i) lactated Ringer solution (control); (ii) 10\u00a0m<jats:sc>m l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME; and (iii) purinergic receptor blockade with 1\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>suramin plus<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME. In protocol 2, the following solutions were infused: (i) lactated Ringer solution; (ii) suramin plus<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME; and (iii) suramin plus<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME plus adrenoreceptor blockade with 5\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>yohimbine plus 1\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>propranolol. Laser Doppler flux (LDF) was measured over each microdialysis site, and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated (CVC\u00a0=\u00a0LDF\/MAP) and expressed as percentage changes from baseline (%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>).<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME was used to block the vasodilatory influence of ATP and unmask the P<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>X\u2010mediated VC response to exogenous ATP infusion (\u221221\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>). During cooling, the VC response (control, \u221239\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>) was attenuated at the suramin site (\u221221\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>) and further blunted with combined adrenoreceptor blockade (\u22129\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Compared with the control site (\u221222\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>), suramin inhibited pharmacologically induced VC to tyramine (\u221212\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>BASELINE<\/jats:sub>;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), which displaces adrenergic neurotransmitters from axon terminals. These data indicate that ATP contributes to the cutaneous VC response in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T13:56:56Z","timestamp":1489154216000},"page":"684-693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evidence for a functional vasoconstrictor role for ATP in the human cutaneous microvasculature"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Des Moines University Des Moines IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex C.","family":"Krajek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Des Moines University Des Moines IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin 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