{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:29:38Z","timestamp":1773271778296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,25]],"date-time":"2018-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008675","name":"Zayed University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R16090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R16090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006014","name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31M256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31M256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>To investigate haemodynamic dysfunction in the type 2 diabetic Goto\u2010Kakizaki (GK) rat, we measured shortening and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transport in ventricular myocytes from epicardial (EPI) and endocardial (ENDO) regions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>EPI and ENDO GK myocytes displayed similar hypertrophy. Time to peak (TPK) and time to half (THALF) relaxation were prolonged in EPI GK myocytes. TPK Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient was prolonged and THALF decay of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient was shortened in EPI GK myocytes. Amplitude of shortening, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> were unaltered in EPI and ENDO myocytes from Goto\u2010Kakizaki compared with control rats. We demostrated regional differences in shortening and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transport in Goto\u2010Kakizaki rats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic cardiomyopathy is considered to be one of the major diabetes\u2010associated complications, and the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction is not well understood. The electromechanical properties of cardiac myocytes vary across the walls of the chambers. The aim of this study was to investigate shortening and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transport in epicardial (EPI) and endocardial (ENDO) left ventricular myocytes in the Goto\u2010Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rat heart. Shortening and intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transients were measured by video edge detection and fluorescence photometry. Myocyte surface area was increased in EPI\u2010GK and ENDO\u2010GK compared with control EPI\u2010CON and ENDO\u2010CON myocytes. Time to peak shortening was prolonged in EPI\u2010GK compared with EPI\u2010CON and in ENDO\u2010CON compared with EPI\u2010CON myocytes. Time to half\u2010relaxation of shortening and time to peak Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient were prolonged in EPI\u2010GK compared with EPI\u2010CON myocytes. Time to half\u2010decay of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient was prolonged in EPI\u2010CON compared with EPI\u2010GK and in EPI\u2010CON compared with ENDO\u2010CON myocytes. The amplitude of shortening and the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient were unaltered in EPI\u2010GK and ENDO\u2010GK compared with their respective controls. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and myofilament sensitivity to Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> were unaltered in EPI\u2010GK and ENDO\u2010GK compared with their respective controls. Regional differences in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling in healthy and diabetic myocytes might account for variation in the dynamics of myocyte shortening. Further studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying regional differences in the time course of shortening and the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient in EPI and ENDO myocytes from diabetic and control hearts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1516782164000},"page":"502-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cell shortening and calcium dynamics in epicardial and endocardial myocytes from the left ventricle of Goto\u2010Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Manal","family":"Smail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Al Kury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural and Health Sciences Zayed University  Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Anwar","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Shmygol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaipaul","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forensic &amp; Applied Sciences University of Central Lancashire  Preston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Christopher","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199110000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00033-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1999.00547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(84)80657-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00186-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial functions in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Dhalla N. 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