{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:30:12Z","timestamp":1771551012296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008812","name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Does the cold\u2010water immersion (14\u00b0C) of profoundly hyperthermic individuals induce reductions in cutaneous and limb blood flow of sufficient magnitude to impair heat loss relative to the size of the thermal gradient?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>The temperate\u2010water cooling (26\u00b0C) of profoundly hyperthermic individuals was found to be rapid and reproducible. A vascular mechanism accounted for that outcome, with temperature\u2010dependent differences in cutaneous and limb blood flows observed during cooling. Decisions relating to cooling strategies must be based upon deep\u2010body temperature measurements that have response dynamics consistent with the urgency for cooling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physiologically trivial time differences for cooling the intrathoracic viscera of hyperthermic individuals have been reported between cold\u2010 and temperate\u2010water immersion treatments. One explanation for that observation is reduced convective heat delivery to the skin during cold immersion, and this study was designed to test both the validity of that observation, and its underlying hypothesis. Eight healthy men participated in four head\u2010out water immersions: two when normothermic, and two after exercise\u2010induced, moderate\u2010to\u2010profound hyperthermia. Two water temperatures were used within each thermal state: temperate (26\u00b0C) and cold (14\u00b0C). Tissue temperatures were measured at three deep\u2010body sites (oesophagus, auditory canal and rectum) and eight skin surfaces, with cutaneous vascular responses simultaneously evaluated from both forearms (laser\u2010Doppler flowmetry and venous\u2010occlusion plethysmography). During the cold immersion of normothermic individuals, oesophageal temperature decreased relative to baseline (\u22120.31\u00b0C over 20\u00a0min;<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05), whilst rectal temperature increased (0.20\u00b0C;<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). When rendered hyperthermic, oesophageal (\u22120.75\u00b0C) and rectal temperatures decreased (\u22120.05\u00b0C) during the transition period (&lt;8.5\u00a0min, mostly in air at 22\u00b0C), with the former dropping to 37.5\u00b0C only 54\u00a0s faster when immersed in cold rather than in temperate water (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). Minimal cutaneous vasoconstriction occurred during either normothermic immersion, whereas pronounced constriction was evident during both immersions when subjects were hyperthermic, with the colder water eliciting a greater vascular response (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). It was concluded that the rapid intrathoracic cooling of asymptomatic, hyperthermic individuals in temperate water was a reproducible phenomenon, with slower than expected cooling in cold water brought about by stronger cutaneous vasoconstriction that reduced convective heat delivery to the periphery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T09:52:29Z","timestamp":1516269149000},"page":"512-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A vascular mechanism to explain thermally mediated variations in deep\u2010body cooling rates during the immersion of profoundly hyperthermic individuals"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Joanne N.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne M. 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