{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:04:17Z","timestamp":1790643857568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008562","name":"University of Texas at Austin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Start\u2010up funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start\u2010up funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The purpose was to determine whether there is a difference between African Americans and Caucasians in cutaneous microvascular function and whether this difference is attributable to elevated oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The main finding is that African Americans have an attenuated cutaneous vasodilatation during local heating relative to Caucasians that is restored with local infusion of the superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol. This suggests that superoxide mediates microvascular dysfunction and might contribute to the greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>African Americans (AA) have elevated risk for cardiovascular disease relative to other populations. We hypothesized that the cutaneous hyperaemic response to local heating is reduced in young AA relative to Caucasian Americans (CA) and that this is attributable to elevated oxidative stress. As such, ascorbic acid (a global antioxidant) and tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) would improve this response in AA. Microdialysis fibres received lactated Ringer solution (control), 10\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> ascorbic acid or 10\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> 4\u2010hydroxy\u20102,2,6,6\u2010tetramethylpiperidine\u20101\u2010oxyl (tempol) at a rate of 2.0\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as the red blood cell flux divided by mean arterial pressure. Data were presented as a percentage of maximal CVC (%CVC<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) induced by 44\u00b0C heating plus sodium nitroprusside. Twenty\u2010four (12 AA, 12 CA) young (23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0years old) subjects participated. During 39\u00b0C heating, the %CVC<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was lower in AA at the control (CA, 65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> AA, 47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and ascorbic acid sites (CA, 73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> AA: 49\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). At the tempol site, there were no differences between groups. This was followed by infusion of 10\u00a0m<jats:sc>m l<\/jats:sc>\u2010NAME at all sites to assess the contribution of nitric oxide to vasodilatation during local heating. The contribution of nitric oxide was lower in AA relative to CA at 39\u00b0C; however, this was restored with tempol. These data suggest that: (i)\u00a0cutaneous vasodilatation in response to local heating is blunted in AA relative to CA; and (ii)\u00a0elevated superoxide generation attenuates nitric oxide\u2010mediated cutaneous vasodilatation in AA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T23:50:22Z","timestamp":1514073022000},"page":"343-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Tempol augments the blunted cutaneous microvascular thermal reactivity in healthy young African Americans"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chansol","family":"Hurr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan C.","family":"Patik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The University of Texas at Arlington  Arlington TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KiYoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Christmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering The University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Matthew","family":"Brothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The University of Texas at Arlington  Arlington TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01354.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2011.00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.236398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.6.1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90141-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Female reproductive hormones and thermoregulatory control of skin blood flow","volume":"28","author":"Charkoudian N.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00957.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01397.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00784.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00419.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00058.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00886.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.2.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01187.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00295.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.203935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00648.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00858.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000129087.81352.7A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000183887.76087.6a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000110982.74967.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200314172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.556233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000258405.25330.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00229.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.5.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90627-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142012 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"125","author":"Roger V. 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