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We conclude that this OSA patient phenotype has normal vascular responses to hypoxia and is unlikely to obtain long term cardiovascular benefits from nocturnal oxygen or CPAP therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia are reportedly impaired in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients and corrected by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), beneficial effects that are ascribed to correction of OSA\u2010related intermittent hypoxia (IH). However, CPAP corrects both IH and ancillary OSA features (i.e. intermittent hypercapnia, sympathetic activation, blood pressure surges, negative intrathoracic pressure swings and sleep fragmentation). Whether correction of these ancillary OSA features contribute to CPAP's beneficial effects on vascular hypoxic responses is unknown. Nocturnal oxygen corrects OSA\u2010induced IH, but apnoeas and ancillary features persist. Thus, we examined the effects of nocturnal oxygen and CPAP on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular hypoxic responses in untreated OSA patients. Responses were assessed in 52 OSA patients free of overt cardiovascular disease and known risk factors at baseline, after 2\u00a0weeks of nocturnal oxygen (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a026) or no treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a026), and after \u223c4\u00a0weeks of CPAP treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a040). Twenty\u2010two age\u2010matched controls were assessed at baseline and follow\u2010up visits. Resting, isocapnic euoxia mean blood pressure was decreased following nocturnal oxygen (\u22123.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.0\u00a0mmHg;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.006) and CPAP (\u22124.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.5\u00a0mmHg;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) while cerebrovascular conductance was increased with CPAP (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001). However, these changes were not different from controls. Unexpectedly, OSA patients and controls had similar hypoxic vascular responses at baseline that were not changed by either nocturnal oxygen or CPAP. We conclude that OSA patients free of overt cardiovascular disease and known risk factors did not have impaired cerebrovascular or cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and are unlikely to obtain long term cardiovascular benefits from nocturnal oxygen or CPAP therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep086845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T05:59:16Z","timestamp":1548827956000},"page":"580-600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vascular responses to hypoxia are not impaired in obstructive sleep apnoea patients free of overt cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Beaudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology &amp; Pharmacology Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Hanly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Sleep Centre Foothills Medical Centre  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill K.","family":"Raneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Centre Foothills Medical Centre  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolulope T.","family":"Sajobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Science Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1798-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc J.","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology &amp; Pharmacology Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute for Public Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01385.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02474565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct066953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00121-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00148-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00129-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.5.1228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"926","article-title":"[Changes in regional CNS perfusion in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: initial SPECT studies with injected nocturnal 99mtc\u2010HMPAO]","volume":"51","author":"Ficker J. 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