{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:55:42Z","timestamp":1761562542694,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81470450","81470451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81470450","81470451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20161404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20161404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DLY201604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DLY201604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Can successful electrical shock in combination with a delayed after\u2010depolarization (DAD) blocker suppress early refibrillation episodes following long duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF)?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Flunarizine significantly reduced the activation of LDVF and early ventricular fibrillation (VF) recurrence following LDVF, suggesting that DADs potentially contribute to refibrillation in prolonged VF. Thus, DAD inhibition can be used as an adjunctive therapy for electrical defibrillation to treat prolonged VF and suppress refibrillation following LDVF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study attempts to detect changes in the defibrillation threshold (DFT) at different stages of ventricular fibrillation (VF) (short duration VF, SDVF; long duration VF, LDVF) and during early refibrillation following successful defibrillation of LDVF by giving flunarizine, a blocker of delayed after\u2010depolarizations (DADs). Twelve beagles were divided into two groups (the control group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06; and the flunarizine group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06). Two 64\u2010electrode basket catheters were deployed into the left and the right ventricles for global endocardium mapping. The DFTs of SDVF and LDVF were determined at 20\u00a0s and 7\u00a0min, respectively, after VF induction in each group. Any refibrillation episodes were recorded within 15\u00a0min after the first successful defibrillation of LDVF. In the flunarizine group, the SDVF\u2010DFT values before and after the drug were not significantly different. The 7\u00a0min LDVF\u2010DFTs were markedly reduced by 26% (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05, the control group) and 38% (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01, the flunarizine group) compared to the 20\u00a0s SDVF\u2010DFTs within each group. The difference between SDVF\u2010DFT and LDVF\u2010DFT after flunarizine was larger than that in the control group (213\u00a0\u00b1\u00a065 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 120\u00a0\u00b1\u00a084\u00a0V, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). The number of refibrillation episodes per animal (1.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0) following successful defibrillation of LDVF after flunarizine was 48% of that in controls (2.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). The effect of flunarizine on SDVF\u2010DFT and LDVF\u2010DFT indicates that the role of DADs in the defibrillation mechanism may differ as VF continues. Flunarizine significantly reduced early VF recurrence following LDVF, suggesting that DADs potentially contribute to refibrillation in a canine model of prolonged VF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T13:52:06Z","timestamp":1567086726000},"page":"1630-1637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of flunarizine on defibrillation outcomes and early refibrillation in a canine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.02396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(86)90592-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(77)90010-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5239.1222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198427010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01942-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00256.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2012.08.059"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Acute amiodarone terminates ventricular fibrillation by modifying cellular Ca++ homeostasis in isolated perfused rat hearts","volume":"275","author":"Kojima S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.170399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2014.55.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.211292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5239.1223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.46.1.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00263-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(03)00208-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.1.343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2005.50045.x"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP087068","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP087068","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP087068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T08:16:20Z","timestamp":1693210580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP087068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP087068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep087068","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0958-0670"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-445X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}