{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T20:25:21Z","timestamp":1775161521760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Strength and Conditioning Association Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Does a common genetic variant in the \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic receptor (\u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR) have effects on skeletal muscle function in young, healthy men?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>This study provides preliminary evidence that \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR Arg16Gly genotype has a significant effect on fat\u2010free mass, muscle strength and motor unit behaviour in recreationally trained men. These data might have important clinical and exercise\u2010related implications. For example, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR (rs1042713) genotype might influence the responsiveness of skeletal muscle to clinical or exercise\u2010based interventions or \u03b2\u2010AR agonist treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored whether the \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic receptor (\u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR) single nucleotide polymorphism at amino acid\u00a016 (Arg16Gly) has functional effects on skeletal muscle mass, torque production and motor unit behaviour in young, healthy men. Twenty\u2010eight recreationally active men (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD 23.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0years of age) were genotyped for Arg16Gly polymorphisms of \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR as arginine homozygous (ArgArg; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05), glycine homozygous (GlyGly; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) or arginine\u2013glycine heterozygous (ArgGly; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012). The participants then completed body composition testing, assessments of leg extensor size and echo intensity, and evoked and voluntary isometric leg\u2010extension muscle actions. During the evoked muscle actions, peak twitch torque, peak rate of torque development and peak relaxation rate were assessed. During the voluntary muscle actions, maximal voluntary isometric (MVIC) strength was assessed, and surface EMG signals were obtained during submaximal isometric muscle actions and later decomposed to examine motor unit firing behaviour. Fat\u2010free mass and MVIC strength were greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.74 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.10, respectively) in those expressing the GlyGly <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> ArgArg allele. The slope of the mean firing rate <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> recruitment threshold relationship was more negative in the GlyGly than the ArgArg allele carriers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.68) at 50% MVIC, but was less negative in GlyGly and ArgGly <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> ArgArg allele carriers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013 and 0.016, respectively; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.34 and 1.20, respectively) at 70% MVIC. These data provide preliminary evidence that \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR Arg16Gly genotype has a significant effect on fat\u2010free mass, muscle strength and motor unit behaviour in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]],"date-time":"2018-09-29T10:24:48Z","timestamp":1538216688000},"page":"1645-1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic variant in the \u03b2<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010adrenergic receptor (Arg16Gly) influences fat\u2010free mass, muscle strength and motor unit behaviour in young men"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel D. M.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory School of Kinesiology Applied Health and Recreation Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Nutrition and Exercise Science Department of Nutritional Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9207-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Colquhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory School of Kinesiology Applied Health and Recreation Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Tomko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory School of Kinesiology Applied Health and Recreation Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trey","family":"Gradnigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory School of Kinesiology Applied Health and Recreation Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchel A.","family":"Magrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory School of Kinesiology Applied Health and Recreation Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler W. 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