{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:12:21Z","timestamp":1774325541733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0151183Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0151183Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of the study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Are measures of reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects correlated with near\u2010infrared spectroscopy\u2010derived microvascular responsiveness [tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion rate (STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> upslope)] during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>A sevenfold range of hepatic insulin sensitivity is significantly correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) with STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> upslope after transient tissue ischaemia. Near\u2010infrared spectroscopy may be an important tool for determining altered microvascular function before onset of hyperglycaemia. Identification of pre\u2010type\u00a02 diabetes much earlier than with the present clinical criteria is important for pre\u2010emptive measures against microvascular deterioration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement of postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion rate [STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> upslope (as a percentage per minute)] has recently been correlated with the percentage of flow\u2010mediated dilatation (%FMD). Cardiovascular disease is associated with impairments in %FMD. Reduced insulin sensitivity may negatively affect the vascular system for many years before prediabetes\/type\u00a02 diabetes states. The aim of this study was to determine whether static and dynamic STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> parameters during PORH are correlated with reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects. Glucose and insulin were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test in 18\u2010 to 26\u2010year\u2010old, healthy subjects (11\u00a0men and 11 women), and STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was measured during PORH of antebrachial muscle. Hepatic (ISI<jats:sub>HOMA<\/jats:sub>) and whole\u2010body (ISI<jats:sub>COMP<\/jats:sub>) insulin sensitivities were calculated. The STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> upslope was negatively correlated with minimal STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). The change of STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from minimum to baseline (\u0394STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was significantly negatively correlated with fasting insulin (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and a positively correlated with ISI<jats:sub>HOMA<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.65, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). The minimum STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was significantly negatively correlated with ISI<jats:sub>HOMA<\/jats:sub>, and STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> upslope was significantly positively correlated with ISI<jats:sub>HOMA<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). The minimum STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (a measure of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> extraction while the cuff was inflated), \u0394STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (a measure of the amount of reperfusion) and STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> upslope (a measure of responsiveness of the microcirculation to ischaemia) were all positively correlated with ISI<jats:sub>HOMA<\/jats:sub>, one of the longest\u2010used measures of insulin sensitivity. The NIRS\u2010derived STO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> might be a useful tool for assessing how levels of reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic adults affect the microvasculature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T02:09:27Z","timestamp":1556158167000},"page":"967-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects alters microvascular tissue oxygenation during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana K.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton College  Wheaton IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Deysher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton College  Wheaton IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther E.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Occupational Therapy  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Barstow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University  Manhattan KS USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.1.0417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01414.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0107-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"NCHS Data Brief","author":"Heron M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2007.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318206d256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000164232.62768.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-9-200405040-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.12.4426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.06.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2018.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3955-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164117731481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2017.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2018.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2015.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.9.2204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"e426","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/pcna guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"138","author":"Whelton P. 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