{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:07:38Z","timestamp":1769177258472,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311266\/2015\u20100 to P.J.C.M."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311266\/2015\u20100 to P.J.C.M."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005283","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Is the responsiveness of isolated segments of the rat oesophagus to contractile or relaxant stimuli susceptible to acute luminal exposure of the oesophagus to an acid solution that contains pepsin and bile salt?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The study reveals that luminal acidity is an important factor that disrupts barrier function in the oesophagus to allow the diffusion of noxious agents, such as bile acid, that alter the contractile status of the oesophageal body, even in the absence of inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated whether the experimental simulation of duodenogastro\u2010oesophageal reflux alters the contractile responsiveness of rat oesophageal strips. After 30\u00a0min of luminal exposure to a solution at acid pH that contained pepsin and taurodeoxycholic acid, isolated strips of the rat oesophagus and gastro\u2010oesophageal junction were subjected to contractile or relaxing stimuli. Acid challenge decreased the responsiveness of oesophageal strips to contractile stimulation, especially in oesophageal preparations that were mounted following the circular orientation of the muscularis externa layer. The contractility of longitudinal preparations of the rat oesophagus appeared less susceptible to the deleterious effects of acid challenge. In contrast, the responsiveness of ring\u2010like preparations from the gastro\u2010oesophageal junction to contractile stimulation was unaltered by acid challenge. Taurodeoxycholic acid decreased the responsiveness of circular oesophageal preparations to KCl, an effect that was exacerbated by luminal acidity. On the contrary, although the relaxant ability of the rat oesophagus did not change, acid challenge increased the relaxant efficacy of sodium nitroprusside and isoprenaline in strips of the gastro\u2010oesophageal junction. A significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance was seen when the oesophageal mucosa was challenged at pH\u00a01 but not at pH\u00a04. Treatment with alginate blunted the deleterious effects of acid challenge on transepithelial electrical resistance and the responsiveness of oesophageal preparations to KCl. The present findings support the notion that luminal acidity is an important factor that disrupts barrier function in the oesophagus to allow the diffusion of noxious agents, such as bile acid, that alter the contractile status of the oesophagus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T13:35:05Z","timestamp":1545140105000},"page":"199-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impairment of rat oesophageal muscle contractility associated with experimental non\u2010erosive oesophageal mucosal damage"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8758-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalinne Kelly Lima","family":"Gadelha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Batista\u2010Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Maia Nogueira","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2406-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuella Feitosa de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sifrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0912-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arm\u00eanio Aguiar dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Jorge Caldas","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-004-1183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00150.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00454.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00260.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.141804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225631.07039.6d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(99)80057-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623313518113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(78)90160-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198402023100503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4830-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/dow020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4199\/C00027ED1V01Y201103ISP016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1998.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"G718","article-title":"Mechanisms of H+ injury in rabbit esophageal epithelium","volume":"246","author":"Orlando R. 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