{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T20:44:27Z","timestamp":1709153067362},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Recent studies have suggested potential utility of non\u2010normalized respiratory muscle EMG as an index of neural respiratory drive (NRD). Whether NRD measured using non\u2010normalized surface EMG of the lateral chest wall overlying the diaphragm (sEMGcw) recorded during nocturnal clinical polysomnography can differentiate children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is not known.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Non\u2010normalized sEMGcw was increased in children with OSA and an additional group of snoring children without OSA but subjectively increased respiratory effort compared with primary snorers. The sEMGcw has potential clinical utility in evaluation of children with sleep\u2010disordered breathing as an objective, non\u2010invasive, non\u2010volitional marker of NRD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to investigate whether neural respiratory drive measured by non\u2010normalized surface EMG recorded from the chest wall overlying the diaphragm (sEMGcw) differentiates children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Polysomnography data of children aged 0\u201318 years were divided into the following three groups: (i) primary snorers (PS); (ii) snoring children without OSA but with increased work of breathing (incWOB; subjective physician report of increased respiratory effort during sleep); and (iii) children with OSA [obstructive apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index (OAHI)\u00a0&gt;1\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>]. Excerpts of sEMGcw obtained during tidal unobstructed breathing from light, deep and rapid eye movement sleep were exported for quantitative analysis. Overnight polysomnography data from 45 PS [median age 4.4 years (interquartile range 3.0\u20137.7\u00a0years), OAHI 0\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (0.0\u20130.2\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)], 19 children with incWOB [age 2.8\u00a0years (2.4\u20135.7\u00a0years), OAHI 0.1\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (0.0\u20130.4\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)] and 27 children with OSA [age 3.6 years (2.6\u20136.2\u00a0years), OAHI 3.7\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (2.3\u20136.9\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)] were analysed. The sEMGcw was higher in those with OSA [8.47\u00a0\u03bcV (5.98\u201313.07\u00a0\u03bcV); <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.0001] and incWOB [8.97\u00a0\u03bcV (5.94\u201313.43\u00a0\u03bcV); <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001] compared with PS [4.633\u00a0\u03bcV (2.98\u20136.76\u00a0\u03bcV)]. There was no significant difference in the sEMGcw between children with incWOB and OSA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.78). Log sEMGcw remained greater in children with OSA and incWOB compared with PS after age, body mass index centiles, sleep stages and sleep positions were included in the mixed linear models (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.0001). The correlation between sEMGcw and OAHI in children without OSA was small (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.254, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). The sEMGcw is increased in children with OSA and incWOB compared with PS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T11:38:12Z","timestamp":1551440292000},"page":"755-764","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quantitative assessment of nocturnal neural respiratory drive in children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea using surface EMG"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Sandra Y.","family":"Chuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"Sleep Medicine Department Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia  Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Wallace Wurth Building University of New South Wales  Kensington NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gandevia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia  Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Wallace Wurth Building University of New South Wales  Kensington NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiran","family":"Selvadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Children's Hospital Westmead  Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"Electrophysiologic techniques for the assessment of respiratory muscle function","volume":"155","author":"American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.3.975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Berry R. 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