{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:23:32Z","timestamp":1787016212315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>What is the topic of this review?<\/jats:bold>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                          <jats:p>In this review, we examine the evidence for control mechanisms underlying exercise hyperpnoea, giving attention to the feedback from thin\u2010fibre skeletal muscle afferents, and highlight the frequently conflicting findings and difficulties encountered by researchers using a variety of experimental models.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>What advances does it highlight?<\/jats:bold>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                          <jats:p>There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the role of skeletal muscle afferent involvement, not only as a mechanism of healthy exercise hyperpnoea but also in the manifestation of breathlessness and exercise intolerance in chronic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ventilatory response to dynamic submaximal exercise is immediate and proportional to metabolic rate, which maintains isocapnia. How these respiratory responses are controlled remains poorly understood, given that the most tightly controlled variable (arterial partial pressure of CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/H\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) provides no error signal for arterial chemoreceptors to trigger reflex increases in ventilation. This review discusses evidence for different postulated control mechanisms, with a focus on the feedback from group\u00a0III\/IV skeletal muscle mechanosensitive and metabosensitive afferents. This concept is attractive, because the stimulation of muscle mechanoreceptors might account for the immediate increase in ventilation at the onset of exercise, and signals from metaboreceptors might be proportional to metabolic rate. A variety of experimental models have been used to establish the contribution of thin\u2010fibre muscle afferents in ventilatory control during exercise, with equivocal results. The inhibition of afferent feedback via the application of lumbar intrathecal fentanyl during exercise suppresses ventilation, which provides the most compelling supportive evidence to date. However, stimulation of afferent feedback at rest has no consistent effect on respiratory output. However, evidence is emerging for synergistic interactions between muscle afferent feedback and other stimulatory inputs to the central respiratory neuronal pool. These seemingly hyperadditive effects might explain the conflicting findings encountered when using different experimental models. We also discuss the increasing evidence that patients with certain chronic diseases exhibit exaggerated muscle afferent activation during exercise, resulting in enhanced cardiorespiratory responses. This might provide a neural link between the well\u2010established limb muscle dysfunction and the associated exercise intolerance and exertional dyspnoea, which might offer therapeutic targets for these patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T05:10:14Z","timestamp":1566277814000},"page":"1605-1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Control of exercise hyperpnoea: Contributions from thin\u2010fibre skeletal muscle afferents"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8941-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences School of Basic and Medical Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences School of Basic and Medical Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015408"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015407"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1937.sp003485"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.853.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087224"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00462.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.163303"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.547.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1965.tb04073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/283084a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1939.sp003789"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00639.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.1.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.1.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.1.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.1.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.6.2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","unstructured":"Bruce R. 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