{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:18:15Z","timestamp":1777115895082,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#5T\u201032\u2010AG\u2010049676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#5T\u201032\u2010AG\u2010049676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Are ultraviolet radiation (UVR)\u2010induced increases in skin blood flow independent of skin erythema? Does broad\u2010spectrum UVR exposure attenuate NO\u2010mediated cutaneous vasodilatation, and does sunscreen or sweat modulate this response?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What are the main findings and their importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Erythema and vascular responses to UVR are temporally distinct, and sunscreen prevents both responses. Exposure to UVR attenuates NO\u2010mediated vasodilatation in the cutaneous microvasculature; sunscreen or simulated sweat on the skin attenuates this response. Sun over\u2010exposure may elicit deleterious effects on human skin that are separate from sunburn, and sunscreen or sweat on the skin may provide protection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may result in cutaneous vascular dysfunction independent of erythema (skin reddening). Two studies were designed to differentiate changes in erythema from skin vasodilatation throughout the 8\u00a0h after acute broad\u2010spectrum UVR exposure with (+SS) or without SPF\u201050 sunscreen (study\u00a01) and to examine NO\u2010mediated cutaneous vasodilatation after acute broad\u2010spectrum UVR exposure with or without +SS or simulated sweat (+SW) on the skin (study\u00a02). In both studies, laser\u2010Doppler flowmetry was used to measure red cell flux, and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated (CVC\u00a0=\u00a0flux\/mean arterial pressure). In study 1, in 14 healthy adults (24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0years old; seven men and seven women), the skin erythema index and CVC were measured over two forearm sites (UVR only and UVR+SS) before, immediately after and every 2\u00a0h for 8\u00a0h post\u2010exposure (750\u00a0mJ\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>). The erythema index began to increase immediately post\u2010UVR (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05 at 4, 6 and 8\u00a0h), but CVC did not increase above baseline for the first 4\u20136 h (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01 at 6 and 8\u00a0h); +SS prevented both responses. In study\u00a02, in 13 healthy adults (24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0years old; six men and seven women), three intradermal microdialysis fibres were placed in the ventral skin of the forearm [randomly assigned to UVR (450\u00a0mJ\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>), UVR+SS or UVR+SW], and one fibre (non\u2010exposed control; CON) was placed in the contralateral forearm. After UVR, a standardized local heating (42\u00b0C) protocol quantified the percentage of NO\u2010mediated vasodilatation (%NO). The UVR attenuated %NO compared with CON (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01). The diminished %NO was prevented by +SS (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) and +SW (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01). Acute broad\u2010spectrum UVR attenuates NO\u2010dependent dilatation in the cutaneous microvasculature, independent of erythema. Sunscreen protects against both inflammatory and heating\u2010induced endothelial dysfunction, and sweat might prevent UVR\u2010induced reductions in NO\u2010dependent dilatation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T09:35:03Z","timestamp":1555752903000},"page":"1136-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sunscreen or simulated sweat minimizes the impact of acute ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous microvascular function in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Tony","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig W.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Stanhewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara B.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Penn State Hershey Medical Group  State College PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Larry","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Physiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00448.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430170057028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01354.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.236398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"7B","article-title":"The pivotal role of nitric oxide for vascular health","volume":"20","author":"Cooke J. P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Department of the Army Pamphlet","author":"Department of the Army","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"TRADOC Regulation","author":"Department of the Army","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Army Regulation","author":"Department of the Army","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1986.tb04699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"49070","article-title":"Sunscreen drug products for over\u2010the\u2010counter human use; proposed amendment of final monograph; proposed rule; 21CRF Parts 347 and 352","volume":"72","author":"Food and Drug Administration.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2008.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1998.tb00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.7078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.212100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/HE12052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1986.tb00239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00589.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60638-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419108729870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0420119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00414.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00229.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200108000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2000.160605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12589-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3PP50348H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.178129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00269.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2006.tb09826.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660110048013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2008.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.2.7509761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00501.2018"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2FEP087688","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP087688","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP087688","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP087688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T14:52:14Z","timestamp":1694357534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP087688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP087688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep087688","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}