{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:04:00Z","timestamp":1791299040316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["472711\/2013\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["472711\/2013\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Does a polyphenol\u2010rich extract from a\u00e7a\u00ed have a potential role in preventing uraemic toxin\u2010induced endothelial cell dysfunction?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Polyphenols from a\u00e7a\u00ed prevented cell death, restored migratory capacity, protected from inflammation and contributed to the restoration of the antioxidant response in endothelial cells exposed to uraemic toxins. The protective role of a\u00e7a\u00ed against toxic effects exerted by uraemic toxins presents a potential new therapeutic target in endothelial cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressive loss of kidney function results in the accumulation of protein\u2010bound uraemic toxins such as <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010cresyl sulfate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS). Among strategies to ameliorate the harmful actions of uraemic toxins, phenolic compounds have been extensively studied. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory actions of phenolic\u2010rich a\u00e7a\u00ed seed extract (ASE) in response to endothelial dysfunction induced by IS and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CS, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cells were treated with ASE (10\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in the presence or absence of IS (61\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CS (40\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Cell viability, cell death, cell migratory capacity and inflammatory biomarker expression were evaluated. Cellular antioxidant response was measured through the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage was evaluated. IS and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>CS lowered cell viability, triggered cell death and lowered the migratory capacity in endothelial cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). ASE prevented cell death and restored the migratory capacity in cells exposed to IS. Both toxins up\u2010regulated pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine expression, and ASE was able to beneficially counteract this effect. Tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 secretion was greater in uraemic toxin\u2010treated cells and ASE reversed this phenomenon in cells treated with both toxins concomitantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). With regard to the antioxidant response, superoxide dismutase expression was strikingly lower in cells treated with both toxins, and ASE inhibited this harmful effect (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). From the results, we conclude that ASE exerted protective effects on inflammation and oxidative stress caused by uraemic toxins (particularly by IS) in human endothelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep088080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T14:10:03Z","timestamp":1577369403000},"page":"542-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Uraemic toxin\u2010induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells: protective effect of polyphenol\u2010rich extract from a\u00e7a\u00ed"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Elisa Bernardes","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department Institute of Nutrition Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  INSERM U1060, CarMeN, INSA de Lyon, Univ Lyon\u20101 F\u201069621 Villeurbanne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine dos Ramos","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department Institute of Nutrition Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Let\u00edcia","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department Institute of Nutrition Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziele Freitas","family":"de Bem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants Department of Pharmacology Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro 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