{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:06:23Z","timestamp":1787587583775,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F16\u201002798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F16\u201002798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Do differing magnitudes of ventilation influence cerebrovascular CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity and the cerebral blood flow response to increases in arterial carbon dioxide?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>While a greater ventilation, through voluntary hyperventilation, is associated with a higher anterior cerebral blood flow during carbon dioxide breathing, this elevated cerebral blood flow is due to a higher blood pressure and not ventilation <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>. A greater ventilation, through voluntary hyperventilation, does not influence global or posterior cerebral blood flow during carbon dioxide breathing. Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide is not influenced by an individual's ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent work demonstrated an influence of ventilation on cerebrovascular reactivity to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; however, the concomitant influence of changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) on ventilation\u2010induced differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) has yet to be examined in this context. Healthy participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015; 25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0years of age; 179\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0cm height; 74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0kg weight; 3 female) underwent end\u2010tidal forcing to increase their partial pressure of end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> by +3, +6 and +9\u00a0mmHg above baseline in 5\u2010min sequential steps while maintaining iso\u2010oxia. This protocol was then repeated twice, with participants hyperventilating and hypoventilating by \u223c30% compared to the first trial. Intra\u2010cranial and extra\u2010cranial CBF were measured using ultrasound. The MAP (finger photo\u2010plethysmography) was higher during the hyperventilation and hypoventilation trials compared to normal ventilation (main effects, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for both). While internal carotid artery blood flow was higher during the hyperventilation trial compared to normal ventilation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), this was due to a higher MAP, as indicated by analysis of conductance values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.68) or inclusion of MAP in covariate analysis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.11). Global CBF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.11) and vertebral artery blood flow (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.93) were unaffected by the magnitude of ventilation. Further, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity was not affected by the different breathing trials (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05 for all). Retrospective analysis of a larger data set (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a053) confirmed these observations and demonstrated no relationships between the ventilatory and global CBF response to hypercapnia (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.04; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.14). Therefore, when differences in MAP are accounted for, cerebrovascular CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity (assessed via end\u2010tidal forcing) is independent of the magnitude of ventilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep088192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T10:25:07Z","timestamp":1582539907000},"page":"904-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide is not influenced by variability in the ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1133-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor A.","family":"Howe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus School of Health and Exercise Sciences  3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus School of Health and Exercise Sciences  3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus School of Health and Exercise Sciences  3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Nowak\u2010Fl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus School of Health and Exercise Sciences  3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus School of Health and Exercise Sciences  3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5657-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan L.","family":"Hoiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus School of Health and Exercise Sciences  3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics Vancouver General Hospital West 12th Avenue, University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada V5Z 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