{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T03:04:30Z","timestamp":1782529470886,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of the study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>What are the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function in a non\u2010fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>In a non\u2010fatigued state, caffeine decreased the duration of the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Caffeine\u2010induced reduction of inhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system before exercise was associated with an increased performance. Individuals who benefit from caffeine ingestion may experience lower perception of effort during exercise and an accelerated recovery of M\u2010wave amplitude postfatigue. This study elucidates the mechanisms of action of caffeine and demonstrates that inter\u2010individual variability of its effects on neuromuscular function is a fruitful area for further work.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caffeine enhances exercise performance, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we investigated its effects on neuromuscular function in a non\u2010fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise. Eighteen men participated in this randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled crossover trial. Baseline measures included plantarflexion force, drop jump, squat jump, voluntary activation of triceps surae muscle, soleus muscle contractile properties, M\u2010wave, \u03b1\u2010motoneuron excitability (H\u2010reflex), corticospinal excitability, short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (SP) and plasma potassium and caffeine concentrations. Immediately after baseline testing, participants ingested caffeine (6\u00a0mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) or placebo. After a 1\u2010h rest, baseline measures were repeated, followed by a fatiguing stretch\u2013shortening cycle exercise (sets of 40 bilateral rebound jumps on a sledge apparatus) until task failure. Neuromuscular testing was carried out throughout the fatigue protocol and afterwards. Caffeine enhanced drop jump height (by 4.2%) and decreased the SP (by 12.6%) in a non\u2010fatigued state. A caffeine\u2010related decrease in SP and short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition before the fatiguing activity was associated with an increased time to task failure. The participants who benefitted from an improved performance on the caffeine day reported a significantly lower sense of effort during exercise and had an accelerated postexercise recovery of M\u2010wave amplitude. Caffeine modulates inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, recovery of M\u2010wave amplitude and perception of effort. This study lays the groundwork for future examinations of differences in caffeine\u2010induced neuromuscular changes between those who are deemed to benefit from caffeine ingestion and those who are not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep088265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T19:26:11Z","timestamp":1582572371000},"page":"690-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function in a non\u2010fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0327-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo N. 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