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Our findings might have ramifications for cardiovascular risk in people who experience periods of inadequate caloric intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe food restriction (sFR) is a common dieting strategy for rapid weight loss. Male Fischer rats were maintained on a control (CT) or sFR (40% of CT food intake) diet for 14 days to mimic low\u2010calorie crash diets. The sFR diet reduced body weight by 16%. Haematocrits were elevated by 10% in the sFR rats, which was consistent with the reduced plasma volume. Mesenteric arteries from sFR rats had increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors, including angiotensin\u00a0II [maximum (%): CT, 1.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.46 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> sFR, 11.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07] and phenylephrine [maximum (%): CT, 78.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.8 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> sFR, 94.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07] and reduced sensitivity to the vasodilator acetylcholine [EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>): CT, 49.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.2 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> sFR, 71.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.8; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07]. Isolated hearts from sFR rats had a 1.7\u2010fold increase in the rate of cardiac arrhythmias in response to ischaemia\u2013reperfusion and more cardiac pathology, including myofibrillar disarray with contractions and cardiomyocyte lysis, than hearts from CT rats. The sFR dietary regimen is similar to very low\u2010calorie commercial and self\u2010help weight\u2010loss programmes, which provide \u223c800\u20131000\u00a0kcal\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Therefore, these findings in rats warrant the study of cardiovascular function in individuals who engage in extreme dieting or are subjected to bouts of very low caloric intake for other reasons, such as socioeconomic factors and natural disasters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep088434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T05:50:24Z","timestamp":1589521824000},"page":"1172-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Short\u2010term very low caloric intake causes endothelial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias and pathology in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"J\u00f4nathas F. 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