{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:33:28Z","timestamp":1776954808592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102016\u201004915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102016\u201004915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001636","name":"University College Cork","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>We assessed the utility of a new metric for quantifying ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude, derived from differential ascent and descent steady\u2010state cardiorespiratory variables (i.e. hysteresis). Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether the magnitude of cardiorespiratory hysteresis was associated with the development of acute mountain sickness.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Hysteresis in steady\u2010state cardiorespiratory variables quantifies ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude. The magnitude of cardiorespiratory hysteresis during ascent to and descent from high altitude was significantly related to the development of symptoms of acute mountain sickness. Hysteresis in steady\u2010state chemoreflex drive can provide a simple, non\u2010invasive method of tracking ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maintenance of arterial blood gases is achieved through sophisticated regulation of ventilation, mediated by central and peripheral chemoreflexes. Respiratory chemoreflexes are important during exposure to high altitude owing to the competing influence of hypoxia and hypoxic hyperventilation\u2010mediated hypocapnia on steady\u2010state ventilatory drive. Inter\u2010individual variability exists in ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude, potentially affecting the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS). We aimed to quantify ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude by comparing differential ascent and descent values (i.e. hysteresis) in steady\u2010state cardiorespiratory variables. We hypothesized that: (i)\u00a0the hysteresis area formed by cardiorespiratory variables during ascent and descent would quantify the magnitude of ventilatory acclimatization; and (ii)\u00a0larger hysteresis areas would be associated with lower AMS symptom scores during ascent. In 25 healthy, acetazolamide\u2010free trekkers ascending to and descending from 5160\u00a0m, cardiorespiratory hysteresis was measured in the partial pressure of end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, peripheral oxygen saturation, minute ventilation, chemoreceptor stimulus index (end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/peripheral oxygen saturation) and the calculated steady\u2010state chemoreflex drive (SS\u2010CD; minute ventilation\/chemoreceptor stimulus index) using portable devices (capnograph, peripheral pulse oximeter and respirometer, respectively). Symptoms of AMS were assessed daily using the Lake Louise questionnaire. We found that: (i)\u00a0ascent\u2013descent hysteresis was present in all cardiorespiratory variables; (ii)\u00a0SS\u2010CD is a valid metric for tracking ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude; and (iii)\u00a0the highest AMS scores during ascent exhibited a significant, moderate and inverse correlation with the magnitude of SS\u2010CD hysteresis (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.408, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.043). We propose that ascent\u2013descent hysteresis is a new and feasible way to quantify ventilatory acclimatization in trekkers during high\u2010altitude exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep088488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T19:26:30Z","timestamp":1589829990000},"page":"139-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cardiorespiratory hysteresis during incremental high\u2010altitude ascent\u2013descent quantifies the magnitude of ventilatory acclimatization"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jack K.","family":"Leacy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine College of Medicine &amp; Health University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Linares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaelynn M.","family":"Zouboules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahrah H.","family":"Rampuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan D.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittney A.","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah M.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott F.","family":"Thrall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kalker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Mount Royal University  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom D.","family":"Brutsaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8832-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken D.","family":"O'Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine College of Medicine &amp; 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