{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:10:03Z","timestamp":1761419403832,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"New Findings<\/jats:title>\n\nWhat is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\nDo individuals with a patent foramen ovale (PFO+<\/jats:sup>) have a larger alveolar\u2010to\u2010arterial difference in () than those without (PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup>) and\/or an exaggerated increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in response to hypoxia?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n\nWhat is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\nPFO+<\/jats:sup> had a greater while breathing air, 16% and 14% O2<\/jats:sub>, but not 12% or 10% O2<\/jats:sub>. PASP increased equally in hypoxia between PFO+<\/jats:sup> and PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup>. These data suggest that PFO+<\/jats:sup> may not have an exaggerated acute increase in PASP in response to hypoxia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Abstract<\/jats:title>Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in 30\u201340% of the population and is a potential source of right\u2010to\u2010left shunt. Accordingly, those with a PFO (PFO+<\/jats:sup>) may have a larger alveolar\u2010to\u2010arterial difference in () than those without (PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup>) in normoxia and with mild hypoxia. Likewise, PFO is associated with high\u2010altitude pulmonary oedema, a condition known to have an exaggerated pulmonary pressure response to hypoxia. Thus, PFO+<\/jats:sup> may also have exaggerated pulmonary pressure increases in response to hypoxia. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to systematically determine whether or not: (1) the was greater in PFO+<\/jats:sup> than in PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup> in normoxia and mild to severe hypoxia and (2) the increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in response to hypoxia was greater in PFO+<\/jats:sup> than in PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup>. We measured arterial blood gases and PASP via ultrasound in healthy PFO+<\/jats:sup> (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a015) and PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup> (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a015) humans breathing air and 30\u00a0min after breathing four levels of hypoxia (16%, 14%, 12%, 10% O2<\/jats:sub>, randomized and balanced order) at rest. The was significantly greater in PFO+<\/jats:sup> compared to PFO\u2212<\/jats:sup> while breathing air (2.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0Torr), 16% O2<\/jats:sub> (1.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0Torr) and 14% O2<\/jats:sub> (2.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00a0Torr), but not 12% or 10% O2<\/jats:sub>. We found no effect of PFO on PASP at any level of hypoxia. We conclude that PFO influences pulmonary gas exchange efficiency with mild hypoxia, but not the acute increase in PASP in response to hypoxia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep088750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T10:19:21Z","timestamp":1594030761000},"page":"1648-1659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impaired pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, but normal pulmonary artery pressure increases, with hypoxia in men and women with a patent foramen ovale"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5542-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Duke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara M.","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia P.","family":"Speros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6992-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Portland Health Care System Portland OR USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven S.","family":"Laurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR Cardiovascular and Vision Laboratory NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randall D.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute Springfield OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eben","family":"Futral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute Springfield OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerold A.","family":"Hawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute Springfield OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7826-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Lovering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.24.2954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00032.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110313251805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00509.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.1.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00741.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01032.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00307.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01048.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.2.911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.274829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00879.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1955.7.6.699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Pulmonary gas exchange and exercise capacity in adults born preterm","volume":"12","author":"Farrell E. 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