{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:08:18Z","timestamp":1747188498154,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Striated muscle activator of rho signalling (STARS) is an actin\u2010binding protein that regulates transcriptional pathways controlling muscle function, growth and myogenesis, processes that are impaired in dystrophic muscle: what is the regulation of the STARS pathway in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Members of the STARS signalling pathway are reduced in the quadriceps of patients with DMD and in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. Overexpression of STARS in the dystrophic deficient <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mouse model increased maximal isometric specific force and upregulated members of the actin cytoskeleton and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Regulating STARS may be a therapeutic approach to enhance muscle health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterised by impaired cytoskeleton organisation, cytosolic calcium handling, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This results in progressive muscle damage, wasting and weakness and premature death. The striated muscle activator of rho signalling (STARS) is an actin\u2010binding protein that activates the myocardin\u2010related transcription factor\u2010A (MRTFA)\/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional pathway, a pathway regulating cytoskeletal structure and muscle function, growth and repair. We investigated the regulation of the STARS pathway in the quadriceps muscle from patients with DMD and in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from the dystrophin\u2010deficient <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>dko<\/jats:italic> (utrophin and dystrophin null) mice. Protein levels of STARS, SRF and RHOA were reduced in patients with DMD. <jats:italic>STARS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SRF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MRTFA<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels were also decreased in DMD muscle, while <jats:italic>Stars<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels were decreased in the <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice and <jats:italic>Srf<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mrtfa<\/jats:italic> mRNAs decreased in the <jats:italic>dko<\/jats:italic> mice. Overexpressing human STARS (hSTARS) in the TA muscles of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice increased maximal isometric specific force by 13% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). This was not associated with changes in muscle mass, fibre cross\u2010sectional area, fibre type, centralised nuclei or collagen deposition. Proteomics screening followed by pathway enrichment analysis identified that hSTARS overexpression resulted in 31 upregulated and 22 downregulated proteins belonging to the actin cytoskeleton and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. These pathways are impaired in dystrophic muscle and regulate processes that are vital for muscle function. Increasing the STARS protein in dystrophic muscle improves muscle force production, potentially via synergistic regulation of cytoskeletal structure and energy production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep089253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T05:18:31Z","timestamp":1620537511000},"page":"1597-1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) overexpression in the <i>mdx<\/i> mouse enhances muscle functional capacity and regulates the actin cytoskeleton and oxidative phosphorylation pathways"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Kate J.","family":"Sadler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A. 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