{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:08:25Z","timestamp":1747188505169,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The (dystrophin\u2010deficient) muscles of\u00a0<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\u00a0mice generate less contractile force per cross\u2010sectional area (specific force) than those of healthy wild\u2010type mice: what is the influence of muscle specific kinase (MuSK) upon the properties of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in\u00a0<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\u00a0mice?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Injection of adeno\u2010associated viral vector encoding MuSK into the TA muscle of young\u00a0<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\u00a0mice increased the specific force of the muscle, suggesting the MuSK signalling system has the potential to restore healthy growth to dystrophin\u2010deficient muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle fibres are fragile and prone to injury and degeneration. Compared to wild\u2010type mice, muscles of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice also develop less specific force (contractile force\/cross\u2010sectional area). We recently reported that injecting adeno\u2010associated viral vector encoding muscle specific kinase (AAV\u2010MuSK) into muscles of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice increased utrophin expression and made the muscles more resistant to acute stretch\u2010induced injury. Here we injected AAV\u2010MuSK unilaterally into the tibialis anterior muscle of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice at a younger age (4\u00a0weeks), and recorded contraction force from the muscles <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> at 12\u00a0weeks of age. Compared to contralateral empty\u2010vector control muscles, muscles injected with AAV\u2010MuSK produced 28% greater specific force (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0005). They did not undergo the compensatory hypertrophy that normally occurs in muscles of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. Injection of AAV encoding rapsyn (a downstream effector of MuSK signalling) caused no such improvement in muscle strength. Muscles injected with AAV\u2010MuSK displayed a 10% reduction in the number of fibres with centralized nuclei (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0015). Our results in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice suggest that elevating the expression of MuSK can reduce the incidence of muscle fibre regeneration and improve the strength of dystrophin\u2010deficient muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep089439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T07:28:18Z","timestamp":1623396498000},"page":"1794-1805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vector\u2010mediated expression of muscle specific kinase restores specific force to muscles in the <i>mdx<\/i> mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Joanne","family":"Ban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Bosch Institute University of Sydney  Sydney NSW 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