{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1785618209342,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001292","name":"Edinburgh Napier University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Does exercise affect vitamin\u00a0D receptor expression in T\u00a0lymphocytes in young, middle\u2010aged and older adults?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Moderate\u2010intensity cycling exercise increases vitamin\u00a0D receptor expression in vitamin\u00a0D\u2010deficient men, independent of age, presenting a strategy to combat the prevalence of vitamin\u00a0D deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D plays a key role in the modulation of the immune system, mediated through the intracellular vitamin\u00a0D receptor (VDR). Exercise has been shown to influence the activity and availability of the VDR. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on basal immune cell (T\u2010lymphocyte) VDR expression and the subsequent effect of acute aerobic exercise to modulate VDR expression in peripheral T\u00a0cells. Thirty\u2010five men were included in the study (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD: age 44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0years and body mass index 25.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.1\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), separated into three age groups: 18\u201330 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012), 31\u201345 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) and 60\u201375\u00a0years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012). Participants completed two trials [control (CON) and aerobic exercise (AE)], with blood samples collected pre\u2010 and postexercise (0, 1 and 3 h). Peripheral blood T\u00a0cells were isolated and analysed for VDR expression by flow cytometry. The results show that advanced age is associated with lower VDR expression in T\u00a0cells (882\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0274, 796\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0243 and 594\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0174 geomean in the 18\u201330, 31\u201345 and 60\u201375\u00a0year age groups, respectively). Acute AE was successful at acutely increasing VDR expression in T\u00a0cells, irrespective of age. Advanced age corresponds to a lower T\u2010cell VDR expression, which might be responsible for age\u2010associated development of chronic conditions and autoimmunity. Exercise was successful in increasing VDR expression in T\u00a0cells irrespective of age and independent of exercise\u2010induced T\u2010cell mobilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep089480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T17:08:57Z","timestamp":1617728937000},"page":"1460-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exercise acutely increases vitamin\u00a0D receptor expression in T\u00a0lymphocytes in vitamin\u00a0D\u2010deficient men, independent of age"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3882-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Lithgow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular &amp; Medical Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh 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UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"ACSM's Guidelines for exercise testing and 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