{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:48:41Z","timestamp":1764240521245,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>What is the topic of this review?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>This review focuses on the physiological impact of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on cardiorespiratory fitness and the negative consequences of low fitness on clinical outcomes in AAA. We also discuss the efficacy of exercise training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in AAA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>What advances does it highlight?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>We demonstrate the negative impact of low fitness on disease progression and clinical outcomes in AAA. We highlight potential mechanistic determinants of low fitness in AAA and present evidence that exercise training can be an effective treatment strategy for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, postoperative mortality and disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal enlargement of the aorta, below the level of the renal arteries, where the aorta diameter increases by &gt;50%. As an aneurysm increases in size, there is a progressive increase in the risk of rupture, which ranges from 25 to 40% for aneurysms &gt;5.5\u00a0cm in diameter. People with AAA are also at a heightened risk of cardiovascular events and associated mortality. Cardiorespiratory fitness is impaired in people with AAA and is associated with poor (postoperative) clinical outcomes, including increased length of hospital stay and postoperative mortality after open surgical or endovascular AAA repair. Although cardiorespiratory fitness is a well\u2010recognized prognostic marker of cardiovascular health and mortality, it is not assessed routinely, nor is it included in current clinical practice guidelines for the management of people with AAA. In this review, we discuss the physiological impact of AAA on cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to the consequences of low cardiorespiratory fitness on clinical outcomes in people with AAA. Finally, we summarize current evidence for the effect of exercise training interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness in people with AAA, including the associated improvements in postoperative mortality, AAA growth and cardiovascular risk. Based on this review, we propose that cardiorespiratory fitness should be considered as part of the routine risk assessment and monitoring of people with AAA and that targeting improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness with exercise training might represent a viable adjunct treatment strategy for reducing postoperative mortality and disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep089710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T08:32:48Z","timestamp":1646037168000},"page":"283-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The physiological and clinical importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in people with abdominal aortic aneurysm"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3974-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Perissiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group School of Sport Health and Exercise Science Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8531-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom G.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0674-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe L.","family":"Saynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group School of Sport Health and Exercise Science Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6392-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony I.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group School of Sport Health and Exercise Science Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5745-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sport Exercise &amp; Life Sciences Institute of Health and Wellbeing Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Askew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast Health Institute  Birtinya Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20000901)260:1<1::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.121558"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"CD007130","article-title":"Home\u2010based versus centre\u2010based cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"6","author":"Anderson L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.184461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11522-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76306-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00344.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hospital based exercise programme improves preoperative aerobic capacity in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients","volume":"101","author":"Barakat H. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00480.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00877747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.010389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2021.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133279.07468.9F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2015.0803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.305269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.07.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"CD013662","article-title":"Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair","volume":"7","author":"Fenton C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 9th Ed. 2014","volume":"58","author":"Ferguson B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-4-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-0525-2-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00850.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0587-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66628-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-1286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-015-0644-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-097X.2002.00423.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Oxygen\u2010transport function of the blood and endothelial dysfunction in patients with angina pectoris and arterial hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Iankovskaia A. V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kardiologiia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01081.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2012.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.07.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.05.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Exercise and oxidative stress: Significance of antioxidants with reference to inflammatory, muscular, and systemic stress","volume":"7","author":"K\u00f6nig D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exercise Immunology Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359786810382057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.147629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659115598856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314553780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a088b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826710389384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2020).Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Diagnosis and management Evidence review G: Tests for predicting outcomes after repair of unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.NICE guideline; Evidence reviews.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng156\/documents\/evidence\u2010review\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01109-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02937421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.3798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.2.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02015271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31135-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2019.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.05.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02693801"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Relation between anaerobic threshold and maximal oxygen consumption during graded treadmill exercise","volume":"19","author":"Sato I.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150826094156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2020.0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.913994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588411X587235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.237065"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","first-page":"1198","article-title":"Abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"73","author":"Upchurch G. R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-017-0862-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205001-00010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Coronary artery disease in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm: A review article","volume":"50","author":"Van Kuijk J. P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.06.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","first-page":"684","article-title":"Patients Awaiting Surgical Repair for Large Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Can Exercise at Moderate to Hard Intensities with a Low Risk of Adverse Events","volume":"7","author":"Weston M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontier Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/07-130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3709"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","first-page":"3050","article-title":"Correlation of hemoglobin concentration with the diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm and long\u2010term patient survival","volume":"92","author":"Zhang X.\u2010yY.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP089710","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP089710","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP089710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T21:36:59Z","timestamp":1692999419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP089710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP089710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep089710","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0958-0670"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-445X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}